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Name: ________________________________________ Hour: _________ Date: ______________ Living Process Summative Study Guide KEY Test Date: ______________ When answering the study guide, first use your journal notes and worksheets (it has already been summarized or answered for you) then use your textbook to help reinforce the concept. What is the difference between active and passive transport? p. 92 Passive Transport - the movement of particles across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell Active Transport - A process of transporting particles that requires the cell to use energy. Active transport usually involves the movement of particles from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. This difference makes water move out of the cells, and the cells shrivel up. When a wilted plant is watered, osmosis makes the plant firm again What causes a plant to wilt and what happens to the cells when you water it? (think Osmosis takes place in all living cells. Plants absorb about osmosis) water from the soil by osmosis through their root hair p.91 cells. What is needed for photosynthesis to occur? What is being made during photosynthesis? p.94 What is needed for cellular respiration to occur? What is being made during cellular respiration? p. 95 Describe how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are related. p.96 Explain how breathing and cellular respiration works together. p.95 If an earthworm and human both have 46 chromosomes, then does the number of chromosomes equal the complexity of an organism? p. 99 If a deer has 70 chromosomes, how many chromosomes do their sex cells have? p. 126-128 What type of reproduction occurred when the offspring have a mixture of the parent’s DNA? Plants use the energy captured by chlorophyll to change carbon dioxide and water into food. The food is in the form of the simple sugar glucose. Glucose is a carbohydrate Cellular respiration breaks down glucose into water, carbon dioxide, and energy. During cellular respiration, food (such as glucose) is broken down into CO2 and H2O, and energy is released. During photosynthesis, cells use CO2 to make glucose, and the cells release O2. During cellular respiration, cells use O2 to break down glucose and release energy and CO2. Each process makes the materials that are needed for the other process to occur elsewhere. Cellular respiration is different from breathing. Breathing supplies the oxygen needed for cellular respiration. Breathing also removes carbon dioxide, which is a waste product of cellular respiration. But cellular respiration is a chemical process that occurs in cells. Different kinds of eukaryotes have different numbers of chromosomes. More-complex eukaryotes do not necessarily have more chromosomes than simpler eukaryotes do. For example, fruit flies have 8 chromosomes, potatoes have 48, and humans have 46 35 sex cells from each parent (sperm 35 and egg 35) for a total of 70 chromosomes. In sexual reproduction, two parent cells join together to form offspring that are different from both parents. They have 35 chromosomes—half the usual number. Each sex cell has only one of the chromosomes from each homologous pair. Sex cells have only one “shoe.” In sexual reproduction, two parent cells join together to form offspring that are different from both parents p. 126 Describe how sexual fertilization occurs in a flower? p. 114 What will chromosomes tell you about the organism? p. 124-126 Describe how sex cells are formed? (think about meiosis) p. 126 What two examples of asexual reproduction? p.684 Pea plants grow quickly, and there are many different kinds available. They are also able to self-pollinate. A self-pollinating plant has both male and female reproductive structures. So, pollen from one flower can fertilize the ovule of the same flower or the ovule of another flower on the same plant. PHYSICALTRAITS OF THE ORGANISM) ( The parent cells are called sex cells. Sex cells are different from ordinary body cells. Human body cells have 46, or 23 pairs of, chromosomes MEIOSIS – going through PMAT 2 times Examples of asexual reproduction – runners, budding, Binary Fission Frogs and fish What is an example of external fertilization? p.686 GENE - DNA CHROMSOME - CELL Place in order from smallest to largest: chromosome, cell, gene, DNA p. 148-149 Are dominant traits always more common than recessive traits? Explain using the class survey information. If an organism carries a dominant and recessive trait for hair color, what will show up in the organism? the dominant form? the recessive form? or both forms? p. 117-118 Yes, Dominant traits (either BB or Bb) are more common that recessive traits. For a recessive traits to be shown the genotype must be recessive (bb) and both parents must be recessive (bb) The recessive trait did not show up as often as the dominant trait. Mendel decided to figure out the ratio of dominant traits to recessive traits. A ratio is a relationship between two different numbers that is often expressed as a fraction. If the organism is Homologous Dominate BB – all organism will be dominate. Only if two recessive traits are mixed will the recessive trait show. Name: ________________________________________ Hour: _________ Date: ______________ Living Process Summative Study Guide KEY From an experiment, be able to: Write a testable question - ? Construct a hypothesis – If/then Identify Independent Variable Identify Dependent Variable w/unit Identify three Constants Construct a data table w/ title “The Effect of IV on DV”, labels, average and units Round to the nearest whole number Construct a bar graph of the average include title “The Effect of IV on DV”, and labels Write a new testable question Test Date: ______________ Complete a practice Data Table on the back using the following: What is the effect of the length of a bat on the distance a baseball can travel? Bat Lengths (cm) and baseball distance travelled (m) Bat 1 - 100 cm: 55, 57, 60 Bat 2 – 110 cm: 57, 59, 61 Bat 3 – 120 cm: 62, 64, 66 What would be a new testable question?