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Science Department-Final Review 2017-Final EXAM is June 15th, 2017. MAIN IDEAS SCIENTIFIC METHOD - MIXTURES ELEMENTS COMPOUNDS PARTS OF A MICROSCOPE - DETAILS Develop a question State hypothesis Conduct the experiment Analyze data Make conclusions • Can be separated by simple physical means • Original “ingredients” retain their properties • Air is a mixture of different gases that each have their independent properties Homogeneous vs. heterogeneous Suspensions and colloids Pure substances – can’t be broken down. Parts of an atom (protons, neutrons & electrons) Periodic table of Elements-patterns/trends Flame Test Lab Active vs. Inactive Metals Two or more elements chemically combined • Can be broken down into smaller substances. Ex. Hydrogen & Oxygen Electrolysis of Water Iron and Sulfur LAB Eyepiece- the lens closest to the eye; contains the ocular lens (10x) to let you observe the object High power objective- longer of the two lenses close to the slide; magnifies 40x Low power objective- shorter of the two lenses close to the slide; magnifies 4x Body tube- hollow tube between eyepiece and nosepiece Diaphragm- circular disk that controls the amount of light Fine adjustment- used to get objects into clear view; moves the tube slightly up and downCoarse adjustment- brings 1 Science Department-Final Review 2017-Final EXAM is June 15th, 2017. object into view; moves the tube up and down Phases of matter MATTER Phase changes-evaporation, condensation, sublimation Phase change diagram •Basic unit of structure in all living things CELL Parts are called organelles •Cell membrane – a thin layer of protein and fat that surrounds the cell •Nucleus – controls many of the functions of the cell contains DNA •Mitochondria – “powerhouse” of the cell where food is burned and energy is released. •Golgi bodies – packages proteins and carbohydrates into vessels for export from the cell. •ER – a network of membranes – acts like a packaging system •Cytoplasm – all fluid inside cell membrane •Vacuoles – Stores food and water CELL WALL – in plant but NOT animal cells Outermost structure BACTERIA AND VIRUSES Alive or not? Parts of a bacterial cell Eukaryotic vs prokaryotic Helpful bacteria (5 types) CHROMOSOMES - In nucleus Contain DNA 23 pairs in human body cells 23 total in sex cells DNA -contains genetic code 2 Science Department-Final Review 2017-Final EXAM is June 15th, 2017. -unzips into 2 strands Short strands of DNA for specific proteins GENES A= Dominant allele for straight hairline a= recessive allele for peaked hairline A A a Aa Aa a Aa Aa 1. What % of offspring will be a heterozygous (mixed) genotype? 100% 2. What is the genetic makeup of the parents? AA and aa 3. Why will Aa plants have a straight hairline rather than a peaked one? Straight hairline is dominant. The possibility of a trait being passed on R= dominant allele for round seeds R recessive allele for wrinkled seeds R r r Rr rr r Rr rr What % of the offspring will have the wrinkled phenotype (round or wrinkled)? 50% What percent of the offspring will have a heterozygous genotype (Rr, RR, rr)? 50% Movement Reproduction Growth Response to stimuli Adaptation Metabolism MRGRAM PHOTOSYNTHESIS PARTS OF FLOWER Only occurs in plants in the chloroplasts When plants make their own food Roots, stems and leaves Stigma, style, ovary, anther, filament Pollination & germination 3 Science Department-Final Review 2017-Final EXAM is June 15th, 2017. SKELETAL SYSTEM Includes bones- we have 206 Gives shape and support to body Protects organs- ex ribs protect heart etc… JOINT – Any place where two or more bones join (meet) together LIGAMENTS – strong bands of tissue holding bones Together TENDONS DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chemical and physical digestion Breaks down food to later be absorbed into the blood Includes the liver and stomach Liver produces a greenish liquid called bile MUSCULAR SYSTEM 3 types of muscles and function of muscles CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Heart-4 chambers Moves oxygen and nutrients to cells and removes carbon dioxide Parts of the heart: 1. right and left atria (upper) 2. left and right ventricles (lower RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 3 types of blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries) Helps move oxygen into body and carbon dioxide out of the body Nose, Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs, diaphragm. 4