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06/29/17 D:\478183280.doc 106/29/17 Changes to the Biodiversity Web Page … Replace all of the text under Goals as follows: Component: Biological Diversity Goals Biodiversity studies at the Andrews Forest LTER seek to identify the patterns of biological diversity in our forested landscapes; identify the mechanisms that give rise to these patterns; model and predict how disturbance, land use, and climate change will affect these patterns and relationships; and elucidate how various aspects of biological diversity influence ecosystem function. Past and current research on biodiversity at the Andrews Forest encompasses many components of our forests at a range of spatial and temporal scales. Examples include: species inventories at varying spatial scaleswithin stands, stream reaches, watersheds, and landscapes; successional studies of terrestrial and aquatic organisms using chronosequences or permanent plots/stream reaches; examination of diversity patterns along environmental gradients; application of stand and habitat-association models to examine effects of management or natural disturbance; landscape and regional studies of species, cover type, and community diversity; landscape susceptibility to invasion by exotics; and functional relationships between species and ecosystem processes such as carbon flux. Future biodiversity research will build upon existing work to broaden the spatial and temporal domains of inquiry; to address questions related to patterns of, and controls on, temporal variability; and to explore potential linkages among trophic levels (see Andrews Forest LTER Biodiversity Research). I have added several links and changed names of most links as shown Text for each of these sections follows later in this document Summaries Andrews Forest LTER Biodiversity Research Biodiversity Projects Involving Insects and Other Arthropods Caterpillars of the Pacific Northwest Newly Described Species at Andrews Experimental Forest The Flora of the Andrews Forest Ecology of Epiphytic Lichens Controls on Flowering in Forest Understory Herbs Fungal Sporocarp Collections From the H. J. Andrews LTER Site 06/29/17 D:\478183280.doc 206/29/17 Here is the new list of personnel (presumably you have email addresses for all) Personnel Leader Halpern, Charles B. Key Personnel Garman, Steven L. Johnson, Sherri Miller, Jeffrey C. Smith, Jane E. Associates Acker, Steven A. Anthony, Robert G. Ashkenas, Linda Gregory, Stanley V. Lattin, John D. Li, Judy Luoma, Daniel L. McCune, Bruce P. McKee, A. Moldenke, Andrew R. Molina, Randy J. Schowalter, Timothy D. Spies, Thomas A. Sundberg, Scott Graduate Students Lindh, Briana Ross, Dana Data Add links highlighted in yellow Other Links Andy Moldenke's Entomology Page Caterpillars of the Pacific Northwest Epiphytes and Forest Management (http://ucs.orst.edu/~mccuneb/epiphytes.htm) Bruce McCune's website (http://ucs.orst.edu/~mccuneb/) 06/29/17 D:\478183280.doc 306/29/17 Replace old Abstract and text with this (drop previous subheadings and authors but see my new “authorship” line) Date: February 5, 2002 Andrews Forest LTER Biodiversity Research Original text by A. McKee, J. D. Lattin, S. Garman, S. Acker, and S. Gregory with updates and modifications by C. B. Halpern, J. C. Miller, S. Garman, J. Smith, and M. Harmon. Past and Current Research Research at the Andrews Forest LTER program centers around the general question, How do land use, natural disturbances, and climate change affect three key ecosystem properties: carbon dynamics, biodiversity, and hydrology? The fundamental goals of biodiversity-related research at Andrews are to understand the mechanisms that underlie patterns of biological diversity in our landscape and to model and predict how land use, disturbance, and climate change will affect these patterns and relationships. We are also interested in relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem function. Past and current research in the area of biological diversity includes: species inventories at stand, stream reach, and landscape scales; landscape and regional studies of species, cover-type, and community diversity; studies of succession in terrestrial and aquatic systems using permanent plots/stream reaches, experimental manipulations, and chronosequences; examination of compositional and diversity patterns along environmental gradients; changes in forest structural diversity with consideration of tree biomass, size, and condition, as well as horizontal and vertical spatial heterogeneity; effects of forest management on biological diversity; application of stand and habitat-association models to examine effects of management or natural disturbance; landscape susceptibility to invasion by exotics; controls of overstory conditions on flowering of understory plants; functional relationships between species and ecosystem processes such as carbon flux. Examples of many of these types of studies are described below. Many studies at Andrews have given rise to species lists at the stand, stream reach, and landscape scale. These compilations can be accessed and downloaded through our Andrews LTER home page (http://www.fsl.orst.edu/lterhome.html). Species lists have been used for studies as diverse as comparing the richness of different communities and habitat types (Zobel et al. 1976), or tracking the recovery of aquatic community diversity after disturbance (Lamberti et al. 1991). Plant successional studies have used chronosequences or permanent plots to examine trends in species richness and diversity. Schoonmaker and McKee (1989) examined changes in vascular plant species diversity over 40 years of succession following logging and burning using a chronosequence of sites. They found that species diversity (H') peaks before species richness (no. of species/area), and both measures decline following closure of the tree canopy. Long-term data from permanent plots in WS01 and WS03 have been used to examine the roles of initial composition, disturbance intensity, and species’ life histories in the recovery of plant diversity following timber harvest (Halpern 1988, Halpern 1989, 06/29/17 D:\478183280.doc 406/29/17 Halpern and Franklin 1990, Halpern et al. 1992a, Halpern and Spies 1995). Subsequent species-removal experiments have been used to study the importance of species’ interactions during early succession (Halpern et al. 1992b, Halpern et al. 1997). These permanent successional plots (some now ca. 40 yr old) continue to be sampled as part of our long-term measurements program (see Future Directions). Franklin and colleagues summarized the current state of knowledge about the biodiversity of old-growth forests in 1981 (Franklin et al. 1981), before the recent round of studies. Neitlich (1993) used a chronosequence approach in his Masters thesis to describe patterns of lichen diversity through time. Schowalter (1989, 1995) used both chronosequence and permanent plot data to describe canopy arthropod community structure and diversity through succession. He found that canopy arthropod communities in young coniferous stands differed dramatically from old-growth communities. In young stands, foliage feeding species increased in abundance relative to predatory species. However, young stands that included a few residual mature and old-growth trees were more similar to old-growth stands in canopy arthropod composition than they were to young stands. Numerous aquatic diversity studies have been conducted, examining different trophic groups such as fish, insects, algae (Gregory et al. 1989, Gregory and Wildman 1994). Lamberti et al. (1991) provide a description of aquatic succession of insect and algal communities following a debris flow using permanent plots along stream reaches. They found a rapid recovery of diversity in algae and insects, as well as in ecosystem functions such as primary production. Other studies have examined species diversity and community structure along environmental gradients. Minshall et al. (1983) looked at changes of selected species groups along a continuum of river sizes. Zobel et al. (1976) looked at plant species richness along gradients of temperature and moisture in the Cascades, and found that maximum species richness of vascular plants was bimodal, peaking at the hot, dry and cool, moist ends of the gradient. Peck et al. (1995) used many of the same plots as Zobel et al. (1976) to examine moss species diversity on trees and down logs, finding that moss diversity increased with temperature. Sillett's Ph.D. research (1995) examined the diversity of lichen species along elevational gradients, as well as the gradients within individual canopies (see Ecology of Epiphytic Lichens). Ohmann's Ph.D. research (Ohmann 1996, Ohmann and Spies 1998) examined the distributional and diversity patterns of woody plants using forest inventory data for the entire state of Oregon (>2400 field plots across natural and seminatural forests and woodlands). This work supports a conceptual model of multiscale controls on vegetation distribution, and suggests that the local structure of woody plant communities results from both regional and local processes. Other studies have used habitat-association models to predict or explain species diversity at both stand and landscape scales (Garman et al. 1992, Hansen et al. 1993a,b). Using results of similar studies, Hansen et al. (1991) suggested ways of conserving biodiversity in managed forests. Perendes’ dissertation research (1997) examined the susceptibility of landscapes to invasion by non-native plant species. She found that exotics are widely distributed along roads, streams and trails in the Andrews, with distributions strongly correlated with light levels and disturbance. Road use and proximity to clearcuts interact with moisture and temperature to limit exotic abundance at higher elevations, while seed size and dispersal appear to control fine-scale patchiness of exotic plants. Finally, we are examining the functional relationships between species and ecosystem processes or structure. Harmon has been studying the effects of species mixes on carbon dynamics at scales from stand to region (Harmon et al. 1990, 1995). Some results are intuitively obvious, e.g., longer-lived species that are more decay resistant will produce stands characterized by greater biomass/carbon than those dominated by shorter-lived, more rapidly decaying species. Garman has been modifying a stand model, ZELIG, to look at changes in stand structure with different species under different management scenarios. 06/29/17 D:\478183280.doc 506/29/17 Future Directions A number of the studies described above will continue as part of our basic LTER research program. In addition, we will begin to develop a more integrated view of biological diversity by examining variation in the abundance and diversity of multiple trophic at the same locations, as they vary annually in response to climate and other factors. Given the importance of competition, trophic interactions, and habitat structure in shaping biotic communities, we feel this integration should lead to greater mechanistic understanding of the controls on biodiversity in our forests. We will also designate a special area within the Andrew Forest (the old-growth watershed at Mack Creek) as an “all-taxa study area,” with the aim of establishing as complete an understanding as possible of species presence, abundance, and trophic relationships. In the sections that follow, we provide an overview of some of our planned studies. Declines in plant diversity during forest canopy closure (C. B. Halpern). The interaction between the forest canopy and understory plant diversity and abundance has been a long-term interest at Andrews. Long-term data from permanent plots in WS01 and 03 have been used to examine the roles of initial composition, disturbance intensity, and species’ life histories in shaping early successional patterns in these forests (Halpern 1988, Halpern 1989, Halpern and Franklin 1990, Halpern and Spies 1995). Subsequent field experiments have been used to study the importance of species’ interactions during this time (Halpern et al. 1997). We will continue to sample these plots during LTER5 (with measurements now extending to 40 yr), to explore spatial and temporal variability in the decline of understory communities with stand closure (ca. 25-40 yr). Current models of understory decline are based on chronosequence and retrospective analyseswe are aware of no studies in the region that use repeated measurements of permanent plots to quantify and interpret these changes. We will examine (1) rates and patterns of understory decline with a focus on species turnover and loss of biomass; (2) stand characteristics (e.g., canopy cover, tree density, basal area) that are most strongly correlated with these declines, and (3) the degree to which temporal patterns are mediated by local environment (aspect, topographic position, site productivity), disturbance history (stand-initiating and subsequent disturbances), or initial composition. Insect biodiversity (J. C. Miller). We will continue our studies of insect biodiversity and abundance. Arthropods comprise the majority of species at Andrews (86%) (Parsons et al. 1991). As in LTER4 our emphasis will be on Lepidoptera, as they are diverse (12% of all taxa), major grazers (Hammond and Miller 1998), important prey, and responsive to changes in habitat and climate. We will sample from three sites representing the range of climates and forest ages present on the Andrews: (1) low elevation (400 m, WS02); (2) mid elevation (1000 m, Mack Creek); and (3) high elevation (1400 m, Frissell Ridge). At each site we will sample both young (25-30 yr) and old forest (>150 yr) habitats. These sites will overlap with the proposed “all-taxa study area” (see below). Moths at each site will be sampled on one night every other week, from May-September, by deploying UV blacklights. We will quantify the consistency in patterns of species abundance and synchrony in population trends at and among sample sites. Abundance data will be correlated with weekly temperature and rainfall data. Temporal variability within and among trophic groups (C. B. Halpern, J. C. Miller, S. Garman, J. Smith). Considerable attention has been devoted to the spatial distributions and successional dynamics of forest organisms in the Pacific Northwest. However, we have limited understanding of the patterns and correlates of biotic variability at finer temporal scales. For example, it is often assumed that forest understory communities are fairly stable in old-growth forests, but that populations of ectomycorrhizal fungi, insects, and small mammals exhibit high inter-annual variation. For most organisms, however, we have limited empirical data to quantify these patterns and there is only a cursory understanding of the degree to which temporal variability is shaped by changes in climate, local environment, and/or biotic interactions. In LTER5 we will begin to explore patterns and potential mechanisms of temporal 06/29/17 D:\478183280.doc 606/29/17 variability of plants and lepidoterans, and, as funding permits, we will consider other taxonomic groups of fundamental importance (e.g., small mammals and ectomycorrhizal fungi). Our goals are to: quantify the magnitude, timing, and direction of temporal variability in taxa representing different trophic levels; identify for each group the characteristics (e.g., population density, diversity, abundance, morphological or reproductive traits, life histories) that show the greatest sensitivity to annual changes in climate; document the spatial coherence of variability within and among trophic levels; and quantify the extent to which temporal variation is mediated by environmental stress (associated with elevation) and forest structure (expressed through differences in microclimatic amelioration in young and old forest). We expect to see diverse patterns of temporal variability and “spatial coherence” within and among trophic levels, reflecting in part, the degree to which environmental stress (and local amelioration of stress by forest structure) shape population- and community-level processes. Some attributes will be fairly sensitive to annual changes in climate while others will show little variability over the period of observation (Table 1). Table 1. Examples of the relative magnitude of temporal variability hypothesized for various species- and community-level attributes of understory plants, ectomycorrhizal fungi, lepidopterans, and small mammals. Trophic level Understory plants Vascular plants Bryophytes Ectomycorrhizal fungi Hypogeous sporocarps Epigeous sporocarps Root symbionts in CWD Lepidopterans Small mammals All species Attribute Relative temporal variation Species richness Total above-ground biomass Annual biomass production Species richness Total biomass Annual biomass production very low low moderate low moderate high Species richness Biomass Frequency Species richness Biomass Frequency Species richness Biomass Frequency moderate moderate moderate high high high moderate moderate moderate Total species richness Species richness of individual functional groups Individual abundance Adult phenology moderate Species richness Species evenness Mean adult mass very low low-moderate very low moderate-high high high 06/29/17 D:\478183280.doc Individual species Shrews Moles Ground squirrels 706/29/17 Ratio juveniles:total moderate Relative density Relative density Relative density high high moderate-high To explore these questions of temporal variability, we will establish replicate sampling locations in low and high elevation sites in both young (35 yr) and old forests (>150 yr). Each elevation-by-forest age “treatment” will be sampled with three spatially distinct plots (replicates), yielding a total of 12 “experimental units.” Sampling of understory plants, lepidopterans, and other taxa will be conducted at each location, at a frequency and with the sampling scheme most appropriate for each group. Additional measurements of resource availability (light and soil moisture) and seasonal or annual trends in precipitation and temperature will be taken in concert with biological measurements or extracted from meteorological records at Andrews. An “all-taxa study area” at Andrews. We have made great strides toward understanding the distribution and abundance of many taxa within the Andrews landscape. However, to increase understanding of biological diversity and trophic interactions at smaller spatial scales, we have designated the old-growth watershed at Mack Creek as an “all-taxa study area.” A wealth of information for aquatic and terrestrial species exists for this location because it has been a focal point for IBP, River Continuum, LINX1, and riparian studies. As a first synthesis, we will compile all existing biodiversity records for this location. We will then examine under-sampled taxa and those suspected of changing since the last measurement. We will also encourage new investigators who are interested in specific taxa, communities, or other biodiversity-related questions to include Mack Creek as a study site. Finally, we will use natural abundance of 13C and 15N to begin to examine trophic relationships among taxa; an initial study might sample multiple taxa representing different trophic levels. Questions about biodiversity research in the Andrews LTER program can be directed to Charlie Halpern ([email protected]) or Jeffrey Miller ([email protected]) Literature Cited Cohen, W. B., D. O. Wallin, M. E. Harmon, P. Sollins, C. Daly, and W. K. Ferrell. 1992. Modeling the effect of land use on carbon storage in the forests of the Pacific Northwest. Pages 1023-1026 in R. Williamson (editor). Proceedings of the International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. May 26-29, 1992, Houston, TX. IEEE, New York. Franklin, J., K. Cromack, Jr., W. Denison, A. McKee, C. Maser, J. Sedell, F. Swanson and G. Juday. 1981. Ecological characteristics of old-growth Douglas-fir forests. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PNW-118. Garman, S. L., A. J. Hansen, D. L. Urban, and P. F. Lee. 1992. Alternative silvicultural practices and diversity of animal habitat in western Oregon: a computer simulation approach. Pages 777-781 in P. Luker (editor). Proceedings of the 1992 Summer Simulation Conference, The Society for Computer Simulation, Reno. July, 1992. Reno, Nevada. Garman, S. G., K. McGarigal, and M. Hunter. In preparation. HABPATCH, a model for predicting habitat for bird species in the Pacific Northwest: a test of concept. (Contact S. Garman, Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University). Gregory, S. V., G. A. Lamberti, and K. M. Moore. 1989. Influence of valley landforms on stream ecosystems. Pages 3-8 in D. L. Abel (Technical coordinator). Proceedings of the California riparian 06/29/17 D:\478183280.doc 806/29/17 systems conference; protection, management and restoration for the 1990s, 22-24 September 1988, Davis, CA. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PSW-110. Gregory, S., and R. Wildman. 1994. Aquatic ecosystem restoration project, Quartz Creek, Willamette National Forest, Five-Year Report. Oregon State University, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Corvallis Oregon. 72 pp. Gregory, S. V., F. J. Swanson, W. A. McKee, and K. W. Cummins. 1991. An ecosystem perspective of riparian zones. BioScience 41: 540-551. Halpern, C. B. 1988. Early successional pathways and the resistance and resilience of forest communities. Ecology 69: 1703-1715. Halpern, C. B. 1989. Early successional patterns of forest species: interactions of life history traits and disturbance. Ecology 70:704-720. Halpern, C. B., and J. F. Franklin. 1990. Physiognomic development of Pseudotsuga forests in relation to initial structure and disturbance intensity. Journal of Vegetation Science 1:475-482. Halpern, C. B., J. F. Franklin, and A. McKee. 1992a. Changes in plant species diversity after harvest of Douglas-fir forests. Northwest Environmental Journal 8(1): 205-207. Halpern, C. B., J. A. Antos, K. Cromack, Jr., and A. M. Olson. 1992b. Species' interactions and plant diversity during secondary succession. The Northwest Environmental Journal 8:203-205. Halpern, C. B., and T. A. Spies. 1995. Plant species diversity in natural and managed forests of the Pacific Northwest. Ecological Applications 5: 913-934. Hammond, P. C., and J. C. Miller. 1998. Comparison of the biodiversity of Lepidoptera within three forested ecosystems. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 91(3): 323-328. Hansen, A. J., S. L. Garman, B. Marks, and D. L. Urban. 1993a. An approach for managing vertebrate diversity across multiple-use landscapes. Ecological Applications 3: 481-496. Hansen, A., R. Vega, A. McKee, and A. Moldenke. 1993b. Ecological processes linking forest structure and avian diversity in western Oregon. In T. Boyle (editor). Biodiversity, temperate ecosystems, and global change. Proceedings of a NATO Advanced Research Workshop, Montbello, Quebec, Canada. 17-19 August 1993. Springer-Verlag, New York. Harmon, M. E., W. K. Ferrell, and J. F. Franklin. 1990. Effects on carbon storage of conversion of oldgrowth forests to young forests. Science 247:699-702. Harmon, M. E., B. J. Marks, and N. M. R. Hejeebu. 1995. A user's guide to STANDCARB, version 1.0: a model to simulate the carbon stores of forest stands. Pacific Forest Trust, Booneville, CA. Lamberti, G. A., S. V. Gregory, L. R. Ashkenas, R. C. Wildman, and K. M .S. Moore. 1991. Stream ecosystem recovery following a catastrophic debris flow. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48:196-208. McGarigal, K. and B. J. Marks. 1995. FRAGSTATS: Spatial pattern analysis program for quantifying landscape structure. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PNW-GTR-351. Neitlich, P. N. 1993. Lichen abundance and biodiversity along a chronosequence from young managed stands to ancient forest. M. S. Thesis, Department of Botany, University of Vermont. 90 p. Ohmann, J. L. 1996. Regional gradient analysis and spatial pattern of woody plant communities in Oregon. Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR. 196 p. 06/29/17 D:\478183280.doc 906/29/17 Ohmann, J. L., and T. A. Spies. 1998. Regional gradient analysis and spatial pattern of woody plant communities of Oregon forests. Ecological Monographs 68: 151-182. Parendes, L. A. 1997. Spatial patterns of invasion by exotic plants in a forested landscape. Ph.D. Dissertation. Department of Geosciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR. 208 p. Parsons, G. L.,G. Cassis, A. R. Moldenke, J. D. Lattin, N. H. Anderson, J. C. Miller, P. Hammond, and T. D. Schowalter. 1991. Invertebrates of the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Western Cascade Range, Oregon. V: An annotated list of insects and other arthropods. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, PNW-GTR-290. Peck, J. E., S. A. Acker, and W. A. McKee. 1995. Autecology of mosses in coniferous forests in the central western Cascades of Oregon. Northwest Science 69: 184-190. Schoonmaker, P., and A. McKee. 1989. Species composition and diversity during secondary succession of coniferous forests in the western Cascade Mountains of Oregon. Forest Science 43 (4):960-979. Schowalter, T. D. 1989. Canopy arthropod community structure and herbivory in old-growth and regenerating forests in western Oregon. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 19: 318-322. Schowalter, T. D. 1995. Canopy invertebrate community response to disturbance and consequences of herbivory in temperate and tropical forests. Selbyana 16(1): 41-48. Sillett, S. C. 1995. Canopy epiphyte studies in the central Oregon Cascades: Implications for the management of Douglas-fir forests. Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR. Spies, T. A., W. J. Ripple, and G. A. Bradshaw. 1994. Dynamics and pattern of a managed conifer forest landscape in Oregon. Ecological Applications 4: 555-568. Zobel, D. B., A. McKee, G. M. Hawk, and C. T. Dyrness. 1976. Relationships of environment to composition, structure and diversity of forest communities of the central western Cascades of Oregon. Ecological Monographs 46(2): 135-156. 06/29/17 D:\478183280.doc 1006/29/17 Date: 5 February 2002 Biodiversity Projects Involving Insects And Other Arthropods Original text by J. D. Lattin with updates from J. C. Miller and J. Halaj Systematic Entomology Laboratory Department of Entomology Oregon State University Corvallis, OR 97331 The H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest LTER site (HJA) has a long history of work on the biological diversity of insects and other arthropods. Some of these efforts reach back to the days of the International Biological Programme (IBP), a decade before the official start of the LTER program in 1980. The publication by Parsons et al. (1991) that documented over 3,400 species of insects and other arthropods had its beginnings as a by-product of insect work begun in the 1960s. The growth of the arthropod data set was built chiefly upon the various projects involving aquatic insects (N. H. Anderson and his many students) and those associated with trees (W. Nagel and his students). There was some work done on the litter-soil fauna, largely with the Acarina (G.W. Krantz). Gradually our knowledge of the insects and other arthropods increased. My own involvement began in 1976 when I joined the HJA science team and began to bring together the information gathered during the preceding years and added the information resulting from a number of new efforts. Many of my own students made significant contributions to this data base and continue to do so. We did an analysis of the vertebrates, vascular plants, and arthropods of the HJA in 1990 (Asquith, et al. 1990). There were 143 species of vertebrates, 460 species of vascular plants and 3,402 arthropodsthe latter representing 84% of the biodiversity of those three groups of animals and plants. For this reason, any discussion of biological diversity must include the arthropods. Further, we believe that their abundance of species and of individuals make them ideal biological probes of a variety of environmental conditions. We have worked with many public and private agencies over the years. Gradually the arthropods have become regular components of many of their studies as the utility of such inclusions were recognized. The extensive data base on the arthropods of the HJA played a major role in this recognitionseveral examples will suffice. Entomologists were members of several science teams during the massive effort on the Northern Spotted Owl. This involvement continues today. The arthropod information provided part of the scientific base for the biological and ecological concerns surrounding the proposed introduction of raw logs into the Pacific Northwest that began in 1990. The diversity and importance of microarthropods in nutrient cycling in the litter-soil layer is now well recognized, chiefly because of the extensive efforts of A. R. Moldenke and his group. A similar effort was made with aquatic insects by N. H. Anderson and his students and continues today with the "stream team" under the guidance of S. Gregory. Arthropods are now established as major components of many aspects of the forested ecosystem research (Lattin 1993). The 1991 publication (Parsons, et al. 1991) documenting over 3,400 species of insects and other arthropods has been added to the HJA home page and is available in its entirety as a stand-alone file. New electronic data bases are being established for several insect orders based upon the 1991 publication. These data bases will be updated regularly and will be available via the HJA home page. Significant additions are being added because of recent and current sampling efforts, including the 06/29/17 D:\478183280.doc 1106/29/17 Hemiptera:Homoptera-Aphididae (50 spp. added), Hemiptera:Heteroptera, Lepidoptera (150 spp. added) and the Aranae. Other major taxa will be added as appropriate. Litter-soil arthropods (A. R. Moldenke). Great progress has been made on the composition and function of the microarthropods found in the litter/soil layers in the conifer forests of the Pacific Northwest. This effort has been led by A. R. Moldenke and colleagues. Starting with a series of grab-samples (G. Cassis), it progressed through a highly concentrated sampling effort at the lower elevations (G. L. Parsons), and then focused on selected habitat analysis. The result of these time-consuming efforts is perhaps one of the best known litter and soil biota in the United States. This information has led to a much better understanding of the role these organisms play in forest ecosystems. Canopy arthropods (T. D. Schowalter). T. D. Schowalter continues his studies of the canopy arthropods, not only on the HJA but at a number of other sites as well. He is especially interested in the changes in biological diversity through succession in the coniferous forests of the PNW. He has detected shifts in faunal composition and species abundance as succession takes place. Schowalter has a longstanding interest in the impacts of various types of disturbance on canopy arthropods through time. Lepidoptera project (J. C. Miller, P. Hammond). Emphasis has been placed upon the species-rich Lepidoptera for several years at Andrews Forest. About 300 species have been reared, host plants determined, and associated parasites reared when present. Almost 450 Oregon species have now been reared. One hundred and sixty five additional species of moths and butterflies have been added to the 1991 data base (507 species) for a total approaching 665 species as of 2001. The studies on moths and caterpillars initially performed at Andrews (Hammond and Miller 1998 ) were expanded to other locations in western Oregon and have resulted in two books: Caterpillars of Pacific Northwest Forests and Woodlands (Miller 1995) and Moths of Pacific Northwest Forests and Woodlands (Miller and Hammond 2000). Butterfly project (D. Ross, J. C. Miller, P. Hammond). About 180 species of butterflies are found in Oregon. Remarkably, almost half of these occur at Andrews. An intensive program of sampling for butterflies across the highly dissected landscape of the Andrews occurred between 1994 and 1996. Maps have been created for each species on the site. Four sets of highly contrasting ¼-sections (of butterfly species richness) received special attention, including a thorough botanical survey of each ¼-section. Sections with higher floral species richness supported higher butterfly species richness. Moth monitoring project (J. C. Miller, P. Hammond). An extensive and intensive 3-yr sampling program for moths via black light traps was conducted between 1994 and 1996. Two additional studies were conducted between 1997 and 2001. The first focused on host plant relationships of caterpillars throughout the watershed; the second compared moth abundance and species richness in young, postharvest forests in which conifer regeneration was either rapid or slow. Future studies of moths will be conducted at long-term monitoring sites to assess temporal variability within and among years. Coleoptera in riparian systems (G. Brenner). A study of Coleoptera in the riparian zone was recently completed (Brenner 2000). Results indicated that the riparian zone could be defined by the assemblage of beetle species (in contrast to the upslope biota). Ten transects across the riparian zone were sampled four times each year for two years. The timing of this effort proved quite fortuitous as it provided an opportunity to examine the effects of a 100-yr flood event (winter 1995-1996) on the riparian fauna; a series of parallel transects were established and sampled, and data analysis is in progress. Ground dwelling beetles and vegetation succession over a 17-year period (W.H. Heyborne and J. C. Miller). Inventory and monitoring of biodiversity is one technique used for measuring the effects of forest management. Because bio-inventory studies are expensive, indicator species are often used as 06/29/17 D:\478183280.doc 1206/29/17 surrogates for the entire biotic community. Insects may be useful as indicator species. The purpose of this study was to inventory the ground dwelling beetles of the Andrews Forest and to use species abundance to assess the impact of forest management. Beetle communities were compared over time (17 yr) and across variously aged stands and associated plant communities to determine the effects of clearcut logging. Pitfall traps were used at 37 sites to collect ground dwelling Coleoptera over a 3-wk period during the summer months of 1982, 1983, and 1999. We collected a total of 11,191 individuals; these consisted of 224 species representing 49 families. Collections were analyzed using univariate and multivariate statistical techniques. Beetle communities differed significantly among the four forest successional stages sampled: (1) herb-early shrub, (2) shrubtree, (3) tree canopy closure, and (4) old growth. Distinctions were particularly strong for the herb-early shrub and old-growth stages, with more overlap among the mid-seral stands. Overall, beetles were more abundant in old-growth, but species diversity was highest in clearcut sites. Composition of beetle communities also changed significantly over the 17-yr period (1982-1999). Composition in old-growth stands was relatively stable, but relatively dynamic in early seral stands showing changes that paralleled the successional development of the vegetation. In the 17 yr between sampling events, stands initially classified as herb-early shrub (later classified as shrub-tree) contained beetle assemblages more similar to the trees stages sampled in 1982. Repeated sampling has provided an estimate of the time necessary for beetle communities to regain some of their “old-growth” characteristics after major disturbance. Continued monitoring of these stands would further contribute to our understanding of the succession and recovery of beetle communities Arboreal spiders (J. Halaj). A four-year study of the ecology of arboreal spiders and other arthropod groups has been completed. Initial surveys of arboreal communities in western Oregon found that spiders were among the most abundant and diverse predators in forest canopies, based on a collection of over 7,000 individuals of 15 families, 46 genera and at least 62 species. Web-building families were dominant in coastal areas, whereas hunting spiders were a major group further inland (Halaj et al. 1996). Observations made during this study also revealed significantly lower densities of arboreal spiders in areas with increased foraging of ants, suggesting a competitive interaction between these predators. This hypothesis was tested by an experimental removal of ants from Douglas-fir canopies with sticky barriers on tree trunks. As predicted, removal of ants caused almost a 2-fold increase in abundance of hunting spiders (mainly jumping spiders of the family Salticidae). Observations suggested that the underlying mechanism of this interaction was interference competition caused by ant foraging and aphid-tending activities (Halaj et al. 1997). A second phase of research focused on how habitat structure and prey availability influence the community composition of these predators. Arthropods were collected from several tree species including red alder (Alnus rubra), western redcedar (Thuja plicata), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla), noble fir (Abies procera) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). A variety of structural attributes of foliage were also measured (e.g., needle density, branch width, etc.) and correlated with arthropod abundance. The aim was to investigate several host-tree species with different foliage structure simultaneously to identify possible general characteristics (qualities) of arthropod habitats across a wide range of structural conditions. The results of this work showed that structurally more complex tree species such as Douglas-fir and noble fir supported the most diverse spider assemblages. Biomass of twigs alone accounted for almost 70% and 60% of the variation in total spider abundance and species richness, respectively, across a wide range of arboreal habitats. These results suggest that the complexity of spider foraging habitat, and to a lesser degree prey availability, limit arboreal spiders (Halaj et al. 1998). 06/29/17 D:\478183280.doc 1306/29/17 The habitat structure hypothesis was further tested in an experimental study in which the foliage of Douglas-fir trees was altered (e.g., removal of needles, thinning) to create a gradient of habitat structural conditions. Habitat manipulations had significant positive and negative effects on the abundance and diversity of spiders and other arboreal arthropods (Halaj et al. 2000). Overall results of the two experimental studies indicate that arboreal spider communities are under a strong bottom-up influence of habitat structural complexity. In contrast, top-down and lateral effects such as predation on spiders by ants, or their mutual interference, appear less important. However, only well designed factorial experiments in future studies can assess the relative contribution of different community-structuring effects in this arboreal system (Halaj 1996, Halaj et al. 2000). The Hemiptera:Heteroptera of the Andrews Forest (J. D. Lattin). Lattin is writing a book on the 210 species of the true bugs known to occur on this 6,400 ha old-growth forested site. Each species will be considered and the accumulated knowledge summarized. It is hoped that it will provide the basis for similar efforts elsewhere (a joint effort with John Haarstad at Cedar Creek LTER is underway). Long-term monitoring of Hemiptera:Heteroptera (J. D. Lattin). Monitoring sites of selected, groundinhabiting Hemiptera:Heteroptera on the HJA was established in conjunction with the moth sites during 1996. Special attention has been given to the seed-eating family Lygaeidae. Thirty-five species, representing 22 genera, have been documented thus far. We believe that these insects will be useful taxa for long-term monitoring. The family is well-represented at many other localities, including at least two other LTER sites. Reviews for the Oregon Natural Heritage Program (J. C. Miller). The Andrews Biodiversity group has participated in a major collaboration with the Oregon Natural Heritage Program to review all of the insect taxa of the state for possible classification as sensitive species. Our Andrews database has been central to this project. A by-product of this effort is the gradual compilation of a complete list of the insects of Oregon under the direction of J.C. Miller. Literature Cited Asquith, A., J. D. Lattin, and A. R. Moldenke. 1990. Arthropods: The invisible diversity. The Northwest Environmental Journal 6:404-405. Brenner, G. 2000. Riparian and adjacent upslope beetle communities along a third order stream in the Western Cascade Mountain Range, Oregon. Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Entomology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR. Halaj, J. 1996. Abundance and community composition of arboreal spiders: the relative importance of habitat structure, prey availability and competition. Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Entomology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR Halaj, J., D. W. Ross, R. R. Mason, T. R. Torgersen, and A. R. Moldenke. 1996. Geographic variation in arboreal spider (Araneae) communities on Douglas-fir in western Oregon. Pan-Pacific Entomologist 72:17-26. Halaj, J., D. W. Ross, and A. R. Moldenke. 1997. Negative effects of ant foraging on spiders in Douglas-fir canopies. Oecologia 109:313-322. Halaj, J., D. W. Ross, and A. R. Moldenke. 1998. Habitat structure and prey availability as predictors of the abundance and community organization of spiders in western Oregon forest canopies. Journal of Arachnology 26:203-220. Halaj, J., D. W. Ross, and A. R. Moldenke. 2000. Importance of habitat structure to the arthropod food web in Douglas-fir canopies. Oikos 90:139-152. 06/29/17 D:\478183280.doc 1406/29/17 Hammond, P. C., and J. C. Miller. 1998. Comparison of the biodiversity of Lepidoptera within three forested ecosystems. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 91: 323-328. Lattin, J. D. 1993. Arthropod diversity and conservation in old-growth northwest forests. American Zoologist 33:578-587. Miller, J. C., and P. C. Hammond. 2000. Macromoths of Northwest Forests and Woodlands. USDA, USFS, FTET 98-18. Miller, J. C. 1995. Caterpillars of Pacific Northwest Forests and Woodlands. USDA, USFS, FHM-NC06-95. Parsons, G. L., G. Cassis, A. R. Moldenke, J. D. Lattin, N. H. Anderson, J. C. Miller, P. Hammond, and T. D. Schowalter. 1991. Invertebrates of the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Western Cascade Range, Oregon. V: An annotated list of insects and other arthropods. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PNW-GTR-290. 06/29/17 D:\478183280.doc 1506/29/17 This section has new titles and is reformatted into a table. Genus, species now in italics Newly Described Species at H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest ORDER FAMILY Genus, species PLECOPTERA LEUCTRIDAE Paraleuctra andersoni Harper & Wildman HETEROPTERA LYGAEIDAE Kleidocerys n.sp. Trapezonotus n.sp. Dichaetocoris n.sp. Eurychilopterella n.sp. Lopidea n.sp. near johnstoni Knight Phytocoris nobilis Stonedahl Polymerus castilleja Schwartz MIRIDAE COLEOPTERA PSELAPHIDAE STAPHYLINIDAE Oropus microphthalmus Chandler Omalorphanus aenigma Campbell & Chandler TRICHOPTERA BRACHYCENTRIDAE Micrasema oregona Denning HYDROPSYCHIDAE Hydropsyche andersoni Denning LEPIDOPTERA NOCTUIDAE Lacinipolia n.sp. near pensilis (Grote) Mesogona rubra Hammond & Crabo Xestia finatimis LaFontaine DIPTERA AXYMYIIDAE CHIRONOMIDAE MYCETOPHILIDAE PHORIDAE RHAGIONIDAE SIMULIIDAE SYRPHIDAE Axymyiia n.sp. Chaetocladius n.sp. Eukiefferiella n.sp. Orthocladius n.sp. Pagastia n.sp. Trichonta n.sp. Triphleba n.sp. Symphoromyia n.sp. near kinkaidi Aldrich Parasimulium n.sp Platycheirus nearcticus Vockeroth COLLEMBOLA ISOTOMIDAE ONYCHIURIDAE Uzelia n.sp. Onychiurus voegtlini Christiansen & Bellinger MILLIPEDES Unknown New genus, new species SPIDERS SALTICIDAE Metaphidippus n.sp. MITES TERPNACARIDAE DAMAEOIDEA New genus, new species New genus, new species I changed the title of Sundberg’s contribution .. asked for updates but received none. H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest Floristic Studies 06/29/17 D:\478183280.doc 1606/29/17 Dr. Scott Sundberg Department of Botany and Plant Pathology Oregon State University The H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest (AEF), with its broad elevational range and wide variety of habitats, is botanically diverse. 570 vascular plant species, subspecies and varieties (taxa) have been observed in the AEF. This represents approximately 12.8 percent of the vascular plant taxa found outside of cultivation in Oregon. The AEF taxa are classified in 76 families and 570 genera. Approximately 11.3 percent of vascular plant taxa are non-native aliens, which is lower than the 18.1 percent alien taxa found in the state. For the past four years I have been inventorying the vascular plants of the AEF and curating the collection of vascular plant vouchers in the AEF herbarium. The goal is to produce a comprehensive list of vascular plants in paper and electronic forms, document their presence with voucher specimens, and improve the herbarium for use by AEF researchers. In 1971 J.F. Franklin and C.T. Dyrness published A Checklist of Vascular Plants on the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Western Oregon, which listed all vascular plants known in the AEF at the time. Arthur McKee and I are currently revising this list to include recent discoveries and to update its nomenclature. Plant nomenclature has changed a great deal during the twenty-seven years since the checklist was published and 20 to 25% of the names on their list do not reflect current taxonomic concepts. In addition, alternate systems of nomenclature exist. Nomenclature may differ among Oregon floras, the PLANTS database maintained by the NRCS and the Oregon Vascular Plant Checklist (currently being written at OSU). To address the confusion about plant names in the AEF, we are listing the name currently accepted for the Oregon Vascular Plant Checklist and if needed, providing alternate names from the PLANTS database and other sources. The checklist is maintained in a Paradox relational database that includes fields for accepted name, authority, voucher citations, habitat, life form (herb, shrub, etc.) and abundance in the AEF. The finished list will also include for each taxon one or two common names, plant origin (native or introduced), selected synonyms, and miscellaneous notes from the Oregon Vascular Plant Checklist. The PLANTS "symbol," the abbreviation of its name, will also be included. So far, nomenclature of approximately 80% of the plant taxa on the AEF list has been revised. While nomenclature of the AEF list is being revised, work is progressing on the Oregon checklist, for which approximately 50% of the taxa have been reviewed. Pending completion of the Oregon list, nomenclature of AEF taxa is being determined by evaluating alternate treatments in floras and taxonomic monographs. A "crosswalk" table is also being produced that will more efficiently enable us to determine the corresponding names accepted in the PLANTS database. Concurrently with revising the checklist I am annotating and curating voucher specimens. Most AEF plant taxa are represented in one or more of three sets of voucher specimens. An intensive effort was made from 1958 to 1971 by Franklin and Dyrness to collect vouchers for their checklist. The checklist cites vouchers for approximately 77% of the 480 taxa they listed. Herm Fitz and Susan McAlister collected a second set from 1977 to 1979. Their vouchers of 445 taxa from AEF and about 26 additional localities complement well the earlier collections. I collected a third set of vouchers from 1995 to 1997, approximately 230 of which will be deposited at OSU and 100 at AEF herbarium. Fitz, McAlister and I have so far found over ninety new records for the AEF, including several recent arrivals of noxious weeds. We are currently of curating all specimens in the AEF herbarium and collections made at the AEF that are at OSU. Fitz and McAlister collections have been transferred to single-fold folders, grouped by major plant categories (ferns and fern allies, gymnosperms, monocots and dicots) and sorted alphabetically. The specimens have been repaired and strengthened by additional gluing. Specimens have been frozen to kill insects. Although no living insects were found, insects have damaged some specimens in the past. A 06/29/17 D:\478183280.doc 1706/29/17 new, insect-tight herbarium cabinet has been ordered and all specimens will be frozen once more before being filed. Identifications have been confirmed and nomenclature revised for approximately 70% of the specimens in the AEF herbarium, including specimens collected by Fitz and McAlister as well as the earlier collections by Franklin, Dyrness, and others that are filed in three-ring binders. Annotations reflect currently accepted names in the Oregon Vascular Plant Checklist and in the PLANTS database, respectively. In addition, specimens collected in the AEF have been pulled out of the OSU Herbarium. About 70% of these have also been annotated and are being refiled. In the next few months I will finish reidentifying voucher specimens from the AEF and OSU herbaria. The electronic checklist will be finished shortly after this and could then be put on the Internet. Nomenclature of some genera will remain in flux while the Oregon Vascular Plant Checklist is being finalized, but I anticipate few changes in the final list. Scott Sundberg Department of Botany and Plant Pathology Oregon State Univ. 2082 Cordley Hall Corvallis, OR 97331 (541) 737-4338 [email protected] 06/29/17 D:\478183280.doc 1806/29/17 New addition. Ecology of Epiphytic Lichens Bruce McCune Department of Botany and Plant Pathology Oregon State University We have focused on the relationship between forest management practices and epiphytic lichens. One of the most surprising and telling results in the course of this research was that old-growth associated lichens transplanted to younger forests often grow as well or better than in old forests. This was found for Lobaria oregana (Sillett and McCune 1998, Sillett et al. 2000a), Lobaria pulmonaria (Sillett et al. 2000a), and Pseudocyphellaria rainierensis (Sillett and McCune 1998). Lobaria oregana and probably many other lichens are associated with old-growth forests not because they cannot thrive in younger forests, but rather because they are dispersal-limited. We demonstrated this experimentally for Lobaria oregana (Sillett et al. 2000a, 2000b) Remnant trees are important for fostering epiphytes in young stands. The evidence includes correlations between remnant trees and old-growth components of lichen biodiversity and higher biomass of oldgrowth associated species in mature stands with remnants, as compared with adjoining stands without remnants (Peck and McCune 1997a). Young stands with remnant trees typically have lower biomass of epiphytes than comparable mature and old-growth stands (Berryman and McCune, in preparation). We therefore expect that the functional contributions of lichens will be substantially less in a landscape matrix of young stands with old-tree retention than in a landscape of predominantly mature and old-growth stands. What's new? We are developing nonparametric multivariate habitat models for epiphytic lichens using a new method allied to kernel analysis. After building models for some of the common, important epiphytic lichen species (e.g., Lobaria oregana) we are attempting to model of occurrence of rare species. To do this we are drawing on data from hundreds of plots throughout the west slope of the Cascades in Oregon, then applying these results to project the consequences of various management scenarios in the Blue River watershed. Participants include Erin Martin, Bruce McCune, John Cissel, and Shanti Berryman. Shanti Berryman and Bruce McCune have nearly completed gradient models of epiphytic lichen diversity, composition, and biomass in the Blue River Landscape. Literature Cited Peck, J. E., and B. McCune. 1997a. Effects of green tree retention on epiphytic lichen communities: A retrospective approach. Ecological Applications 7:1181-1187. Sillett, S. C., and T. Goward. 1998. Ecology and conservation of Pseudocyphellaria rainierensis, a Pacific Northwest endemic lichen. Pages 377-388 in M. G. Glenn, R. C. Harris, R. Dirig, and M. S. Cole (editors). Lichenographa Thomsoniana: North American lichenology in honor of John W. Thomson. Mycotaxon, Ithaca, New York, USA. Sillett, S. C., and B. McCune. 1998. Survival and growth of cyanolichen transplants in Douglas-fir forest canopies. Bryologist 101:21-31. Sillett, S. C., B. McCune, J. E. Peck, T. R. Rambo, and A. Ruchty. 2000a. Dispersal limitations of epiphytic lichens result in species dependent on old-growth forests. Ecological Applications 10:789799. 06/29/17 D:\478183280.doc 1906/29/17 Sillett, S. C., B. McCune, J. E. Peck, and T. R. Rambo. 2000b. Four years of epiphyte colonization in Douglas-fir forest canopies. Bryologist 103:661-669. 06/29/17 D:\478183280.doc 2006/29/17 New addition. Controls on Flowering In Forest Understory Herbs Briana Lindh Department of Botany and Plant Pathology Oregon State University Young coniferous forests in the Pacific Northwest are often thought to have uniformly impoverished herb layers. Under this perception, silvicultural thinning of these stands may be critical to development of the diverse herb layer characteristic of older forests. I am interested in how much variation there is within and among young stands in the quality of habitat for understory herbs. My research questions include: How much do understory herbs flower in young forests? In these forests, does flowering occur only under a subset of stand conditions (e.g., natural gaps)? Does the frequency of flowering or the species that flower differ significantly between young and older forests? Flowering may serve as an indicator of habitat suitability in young forests. I am conducting my field studies in proximity to the permanent successional plots in Watersheds 1, 2, and 3, where there is considerable variation in environment and overstory structure. Future field work will include a larger sample of young stands at the H. J. Andrews Forest. 06/29/17 D:\478183280.doc 2106/29/17 New addition. Fungal Sporocarp Collections From the H. J. Andrews LTER Site Jane Smith USDA Forest Service PNW Research Station Corvallis, Oregon Sporocarps of hypogeous and epigeous ectomycorrhizal fungi were collected from the H.J. Andrews Forest in three replicate stands in each of three age classes (young, rotation-age, and old-growth) of Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco dominated stands. Sporocarp collections were obtained over four fall and three spring seasons. Two hundred and sixty-three species or species groups (48 hypogeous, 215 epigeous) within 51 genera (25 epigeous, 26 hypogeous) were recorded over the course of the study from 4590 (1069 hypogeous, 3521 epigeous) collections (Smith et al. submitted). Forty-one of the genera belonged to the Basidiomycotina, 9 to the Ascomycotina, and 1 to the Zygomycotina. The greatest number of collections belonged to the genera Cortinarius, Inocybe, and Russula, (508, 1022, and 739 respectively), and accounted for 49% of the total collections, and about 52% of the total species. Many taxonomic groups belonging to these genera are not adequately monographed for the western United States, and our collections likely reflect many undescribed species. Thirty-six percent of our species or species groups were unique to a particular age class: 50 to stands of old-growth, 19 to rotation-age, and 25 to young forest. 06/29/17 D:\478183280.doc See new data bases to add in yellow highlight below H. J. Andrews Studies Catalog [ Disclaimer | Data Manager ] Research Categories Biological Diversity Carbon and Nutrient Dynamics Climatology Disturbance Forest Stream Interactions Hydrology and Sediment Dynamics Vegetation Succession Biological Diversity SA001 Invertebrates of the H. J. Andrews Forest: An annotated List of Insects and Other Arthropods PI: Lattin, John SA002 Vascular plants on the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest and nearby Research Natural Areas PI: McKee, W. Arthur SA003 Bird Species List for the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest and Upper McKenzie River Basin PI: McKee, W. Arthur SA004 Amphibians and Reptiles of the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest PI: Beatty, Joseph SA005 Mammals of the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest PI: Anthony, Robert SA006 Fish in the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest PI: Gregory, Stan SA007 Benthic Algal Species in the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest PI: Gregory, Stan SA008 2206/29/17 06/29/17 D:\478183280.doc 2306/29/17 Mosses of the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest PI: Peck, JeriLynn SA009 Riparian Bryophyte List of the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest PI: Jonsson, B. SA010 Epiphytes of the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Watershed 10 PI: Carroll, George SA011 Epiphytic Macrolichens in and around the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest PI: Neitlich, Peter SA012 Macroinvertebrates of the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest PI: Gregory, Stan SA013 Aquatic Invertebrates of Lookout Creek in the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest PI: Gregory, Stan SA014 Mycorrhizal Belowground Fungi of the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest PI: Gregory, Stan add the following yellow highlighted items: TP41 Post-Logging Community Structure and Biomass Accumulation in Watershed 10 PI: Halpern, Charles B. TP64 Dynamics of montane and subalpine meadows in the Three Sisters Wilderness Area/Biosphere Reserve PI: Halpern, Charles B. TP73 Plant Biomass Dynamics Following Logging and Burning in the HJ Andrews Watersheds 1 and 3 PI: Halpern, Charles B. TP89 Plant succession in upland plots in the devastated zone at Mount St. Helen PI: Halpern, Charles B. TP103 Species Interactions During Succession PI: Halpern, Charles B. 06/29/17 D:\478183280.doc WE008 (metadata only) Willamette NF: Young Stand Thinning and Diversity Study: Ground-dwelling Vertebrates, Birds, Habitat Data PI: Garman, Steve WE021 (metadata only) Blue River Watershed Stream Amphibians PI: Hunter, Matt WE022 (metadata only) Blue River Landscape Study Stream Amphibian Monitoring PI: Hunter, Matt WE024 (metadata only) Blue River Watershed Herpetile Observations PI: Hunter, Matt WE026 Monitoring Small Mammal and Amphibian Abundances on the Willamette NF Long-Term Ecosystem Productivity (LTEP) Experiments PI: Garman, Steve WE027 Vertebrate-Habitat Relationships: Logistic Regression Models PI: Garman, Steve 2406/29/17