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Transcript
Name_______________________________ Date ____________ Period_________ Earth Science Vocabulary 1. Asthenosphere – the part of the mantle that features plasticity 2. Conduction – the transfer of thermal energy through direct contact between particles of matter 3. Continental Drift – the hypothesis that all continents were once joined together in a single landmass and have since drifted to their current locations 4. Convection – the transfer of thermal energy by movement of a fluid 5. Convection Current – the movement of a fluid, caused by differences in the temperature and density of that fluid 6. Convergent Boundary – a plate boundary where two plates move toward each other 7. Core – Earth’s innermost layer (center) a.) outer is composed of liquid iron & nickel b.) inner is composed of solid iron & nickel 8. Crust – Earth’s outermost layer (thinnest layer) a.) continental is found under the continents, composed of granite b.) oceanic is found under the oceans, composed of basalt 9. Deep Ocean Trench – a deep valley along the ocean floor through which oceanic crust slowly sinks towards the mantle; a convergent plate boundary 10. Divergent Boundary – a plate boundary where two plates move away from each other 11. Fault – breaks in Earth’s crust where rocks have slipped past each other 12. Folded Mountain – A mountain formed by plates converging and causing layers of the lithosphere to rise and fold 13. Fossil – a trace of an organism that has been preserved in rock 14. Geology – the study of the Earth’s processes 15. Lithosphere – the rigid layer of earth that includes all of the crust and the upper part of the mantle 16. Lithospheric Plates – the large sections of the Earth's crust and upper mantle 17. Mantle – the Earth layer that is between the crust and the core, has plasticity 18. Mesosphere – the transition layer between the outer core and the asthenosphere 19. Mid-Ocean Ridge – the undersea mountain chain in the Atlantic Ocean where new ocean floor is produced; a divergent plate boundary 20. Pangaea – large ancient landmass that was composed of all the continents joined together 21. Plasticity – a substance that has the properties of a solid, but has the ability to flow. 22. Plate Boundary – the line where the edges of the plates meet 23. Plate Tectonics – the theory that Earth's crust and upper mantle are broken into plates that float and move around on a plastic like layer of the mantle 24. Radiation – the transfer of energy of electromagnetic waves 25. Rift Valley – deep valley that forms when two plates diverge or move apart, located along the center of the mid-ocean ridge 26. Sea floor Spreading – the process by which molten material adds new oceanic crust to the ocean floor 27. Seismic wave – a vibration that travels through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake 28. Shearing – a type of stress that results in a change of a tectonic plates shape or volume 29. Subduction – the process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle at a convergent plate boundary 30. Transform Boundary – a plate boundary where two plates move past each other in opposite directions 31. Trench – a deep canyon in the ocean floor