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Name____________________________ Date___________________ Hour_______ Chapter 7 and 8 Test Review 1. Where are the youngest rocks on the ocean floor located? Near the mid-ocean ridge 2. How fast do the plates move? 1cm—12 cm per year 3. How do the plates of the lithosphere move? Slide on the taffy-like asthenosphere 4. Where can you see the results of plate movement? At the plate boundaries 5. What evidence supports the hypothesis of continental drift? Puzzle like fit of continents, the presence of the same rocks and fossils on several continents 6. What can be found by examining the alignment of iron minerals in rocks when they are formed? Alternating magnetic field 7. Why didn’t scientists believe Pangaea existed? Not enough evidence at the time 8. How did the Andes mountain range form? Convergent boundary 9. Understand how to read a plate boundary map. 10. How is the Richter scale measured? Measures the amplitude of earthquake waves 11. Who was Alfred Wegner? Proposed continental drift 12. What does Pangaea mean? All land 13. What was the Glomar Challenger used to do? Gathered information about rocks on the seafloor 14. What is the difference between a divergent and convergent boundary? At a divergent boundary, plates move apart. At a convergent boundary, plates move together. 15. Why have glacial deposits been found near Africa? The continents were once joined together and have drifted to their current locations (continental drift) 16. Why do sidewalks need to be repaired often around fault lines? The ground constantly shifts along the fault lines because of the earthquakes. 17. List 3 dangers that people face during a volcanic eruption. Magma, pyroclastic flow, volcanic ash Name____________________________ Date___________________ Hour_______ 18. List 4 steps that occur during an earthquake. a. b. c. d. As the tectonic plates move, the rocks have tension forces acting on them The rocks stretch and bend The rocks stretch beyond their elastic limit The rocks snap, releasing energy 19. Why is the rock cycle considered a cycle? You begin and end with the same amount of material. 20. Know the following vocabulary words and how to apply them: a. b. c. d. e. f. g. lithosphere—crust and upper part of the mantle asthenosphere—the taffy-like lower part of the mantle convergent boundary—plates move together divergent boundary—plates move apart transform boundary—plates slide past each other subduction zone—a heavier plate sinks underneath a less dense plate seafloor spreading—when molten material beneath Earth’s surface rises to the surface h. convection currents—the rising and sinking of air within Earth i. seismic waves--earthquake waves j. tsunamis—seismic sea wave k. primary (p) waves—smallest and fastest waves l. secondary (s) waves—medium sized waves m. surface (r ) waves—largest and most destructive waves n. lava—molten rock on Earth’s surface o. magma—molten rock beneath Earth’s surface p. composite volcano—large volcano made of alternating layers of ashes and hardened lava; can explode or ooze q. shield volcano—broad, flat volcano that is made of layers of hardened lava r. cinder cone volcano—cone shaped hills or mountains that throw out magma, solids, and gas s. rock cycle—cycling of metamorphic, sedimentary, and igneous rock t. mid-ocean ridge—place where new seafloor rises to Earth’s surface u. continental drift—theory that states that the continents have drifted to their current locations v. weathering—the breaking down of Earth’s surface w. erosion—the carrying away of Earth’s surface due to wind, water, or gravity x. deposition—the dropping off of sediment y. sediment—tiny pieces of rock z. delta—landform formed at the base of a river from deposition aa. earthquake—large vibrations caused by rocks breaking under stress bb. seismograph—instrument that measures earthquake waves