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Rhetorical Terms Project Due Friday, September 5, 2014 Define the following terms (32 in total) on 3x5 inch note cards. Place the word and an example on one side and the definition on the other side. Punch a hole in one corner of the card and place all cards on metal ring in alphabetical order. You may wish to use different colored cards for each section, or create divider cards. CARD SIDE ONE TERM EXAMPLE CARD SIDE TWO DEFINITION APPENDIX Rhetorical Terms Schemes Parallelism Isocolon Antithesis Zeugma Anastrophe Parenthesis Ellipsis Asyndeton Polysyndeton Alliteration Anaphora Definitions A figure in which words preserve their literal meaning, but are placed in a significant arrangement of some kind. Agreement in direction, tendency, or character; the state or condition of being parallel. A figure of speech in which parallelism is reinforced by members that are of the same length. A well-known example of this is Julius Caesar's "Veni, vidi, vici" The placing of a sentence or one of its parts against another to which it is opposed to form a balanced contrast of ideas, as in “Give me liberty or give me death.” The use of a word to modify or govern two or more words when it is appropriate to only one of them or is appropriate to each but in a different way, as in to wage war and peace. Inversion of the usual order of words. A qualifying, explanatory, or appositive word, phrase, clause, or sentence that interrupts a syntactic construction without otherwise affecting it, The omission of one or more items from a construction The omission of conjunctions, as in “He has provided the poor with jobs, with opportunity, with self-respect.” The use of a number of conjunctions in close succession. The commencement of two or more stressed syllables of a word group either with the same consonant sound or sound group Repetition of a word or words at the beginning of two or more successive verses, clauses, or sentences. Epistrophe Anadiplosis Antimetabole Chiasmus Erotema Hypophora Epiplexis Tropes Metaphor Simile Synecdoche Metonymy The repetition of a word or words at the end of two or more successive verses, clauses, or sentences. Repetition in the first part of a clause or sentence of a prominent word from the latter part of the preceding clause or sentence, usually with a change or extension of meaning. A figure in which the same words or ideas are repeated in transposed order. A reversal in the order of words in two otherwise parallel phrases, as in “He went to the country, to the town went she.” The rhetorical question. To affirm or deny a point strongly by asking it as a question. Figure of reasoning in which one or more questions is/are asked and then answered, often at length, by one and the same speaker; raising and responding to one's own question(s). Asking questions in order to chide, to express grief, or to inveigh. A kind of rhetorical question. Use of a word to mean something other than its ordinary meaning A figure of speech in which a term or phrase is applied to something to which it is not literally applicable in order to suggest a resemblance. A figure of speech in which two unlike things are explicitly compared. A figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole or the whole for a part, the special for the general or the general for the special, as in ten sail for ten ships or a Croesus for a rich man. A figure of speech that consists of the use of the name of one object or concept for that of another to which it is related, or of which it is a part. Ex: ‘count heads’ for ‘count people’ Antonomasia (Periphrasis) The identification of a person by an epithet or appellative that is not the person's name, as his lordship. Personification The attribution of a personal nature or character to inanimate objects or abstract notions, esp. as a rhetorical figure. Is the use of a word as if it were a member of a different word class (part of speech); typically, the use of a noun as if it were a verb. Understatement, esp. that in which an affirmative is expressed by the negative of its contrary, as in “not bad at all.” The use of words to convey a meaning that is the opposite of its literal meaning A figure of speech by which a locution produces an incongruous, seemingly selfcontradictory effect, as in “cruel kindness” A statement or proposition that seems selfcontradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth. Anthimeria Litotes Irony Oxymoron Paradox Phrases Appositive Phrases Participial Phrases Absolute Phrases A phrase is a group of related words that does not include a subject and verb An appositive is a noun or pronoun -- often with modifiers -- set beside another noun or pronoun to explain or identify it. Present participles, verbs ending in -ing, and past participles, verbs that end in -ed (for regular verbs) or other forms, are combined with complements and modifiers and become part of important phrasal structures. Participial phrases always act as adjectives. Absolute phrases do not directly connect to or modify any specific word in the rest of the sentence; instead, they modify the entire sentence, adding information.