Download Evolution Unit Study Guide – Teacher Version

Evolution Unit Study Guide
Part 1
Directions: Please answer all questions on a separate sheet of paper.
1.
2.
Differences between the members of a population will most likely be passed onto future generations if
they are ______. (pg420-421)
How can mutations that are lethal in homozygous individuals survive in a population?
A population of land snails colonized a field of yellow grass. At first, the population contained two
types of snails, one with brown bands on their shells and another with yellow bands on their shells, as
shown in the figure below. After 10 years, most of the snails had shells with yellow bands.
3.
What process most likely led to an increase in the number of snails with yellow bands? (Pg420)
4.
What is the most likely reason that there are more yellow-banded snails present in the
grassland?(pg420)
A field of crops was sprayed with pesticides to control a population of insects that was eating the crop. Only 1% of the insects
survived. The same amount and type of pesticide was sprayed on the field each year for the next 4 years. The graph below shows
the percentage of insects that survived each year after the pesticide was used.
5.
Why was the pesticide less effective each year in its ability to control the target population of insects?
(pg420)
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8.
Evolution can be defined as a change in the relative frequency of alleles in _______. (pg422)
________ change over time to create new species. (pg438)
In a species of plant, the sudden appearance of one plant with a different leaf structure would most
likely be the result of a(n)__________________________. (pg434)
9.
In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited condition that causes the death of the chicks before
hatching. In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent
birds that _________________________________________.
Describe natural selection.
The idea that evolution takes place at a continuous but very slow rate is knows as ___________.
(pg440)
The idea that evolution takes place at one point in time, followed by a long period without change is
__________________. (pg440)
A genetic change will be maintained in a population if the change _________. (pg420)
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When mountain lions prey on a herd of deer, some deer are killed and some escape. Which part of
Darwin’s concept of natural selection might be used to describe this situation? (pg421)
A change in a sequence of DNA is called a _______. (pg434)
Natural selection acts directly on _____________.(pg420)
If a mutation introduces a new skin color in a lizard population, which factor might determine whether
the frequency of the new allele will increase?
_____________ genetic diversity provides a species with a higher probability of surviving changes to
its environment.
The difference in the fur color of the individual species in a population is described as _____________.
(pg421)
Two animals of different species would not be able to __________________. (pg437)
Spraying DDT to kill mosquitoes became less effective each year the pesticide was used. This decrease
in the effectiveness was probably caused by the fact that ___________. (pg434)
When penicillin was first introduced it was very effective in destroying most of the bacteria that cause
gonorrhea. Today, certain varieties of this bacterium are resistant to penicillin. Explain the presence of
these resistant penicillin. (pg434)
Although similar in many respects, two species of organisms exhibit differences that make each well
adapted to the environment in which it lives. The process of change that may account for these
differences is ___________.
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27.
A random change in gene frequency in a small population is called _____________.
In which size population is genetic drift most likely to have a major impact? (pg433)
Geographic and reproductive isolation can result in _____________.(pg438)
28.
A species of finch (a type of bird) has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapagos
Islands for many years. Since the island is small, the lineage of every bird for several generations is
known. This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed. Some family groups have survived and
others have died out. The groups that survive probably have
_______________________________________.
A single species of squirrel evolved over time into two species, each on opposite sides of the Grand
Canyon. This change was most likely due to __________________________.
All the genes of all members of a particular population make up the population’s _____________.
Describe a gene pool. __________________________ _____________
In genetic drift, allele frequencies change because of _____________.
Genetic drift tends to occur in populations that __________________________.
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36.
A small population of chimpanzees lives in a habitat that undergoes no change for a long period. How will
genetic drift probably affect this population?
_________________________________________________________________
The separation of populations by barriers such as rivers, mountains, or bodies of water is called
__________________________.
The geographic isolation of two populations of a species tends to increase differences between their
gene pools because it __________________________.
Comparisons are made between two different organisms by finding the place where the two lines intersect. The number
where the columns and rows intersect shows how many amino acids are different in the cytochrome c of both organisms.
For example, the number of amino acids that are different when comparing a rabbit's cytochrome c with a tuna's
cytochrome c is 17. The larger the number, the greater the difference in the structure of the cytochrome c molecules of
the two organisms.
37. According to the table, which pair of organisms is least closely related? _____________
38. According to the table, which pair of organisms is most closely related? _____________
39. In a certain area of undisturbed layers of rock, fossils of horseshoe crabs may be found in the upper
layer, and a lower layer contains fossils of trilobites. Trilobites are extinct aquatic arthropods
resembling modern horseshoe crabs. This information suggests that _____________ _____________
_____________
40. In the early stages of development, the embryos of dogs, pigs, and humans resemble each other. This
observation suggests that these animals may have __________________________.
41. An example of a structure that would be homologous to a bird wing would be a _____________.
42. Fossil trees are petrified when the wood is replaced with _____________.
43. The long, slow process of change in species over time is _____________.
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46.
In humans, the pelvis and femur, or thigh bone, are involved in walking. In whales, the pelvis and femur
shown in the figure above are __________________________.
Modern sea star larvae resemble some primitive vertebrate larvae. This similarity may suggest that
primitive vertebrates __________________________.
The number and location of bones of many fossil vertebrates are similar to those in living vertebrates.
Most biologists would probably explain this fact on the basis of
____________________________________________________