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Bones, Muscles, Joints
and Movement
Anatomical Position
Helps us to understand positions and spacial locations of certain parts
Can you name all
the bones??
Bones
12 Skull
Humerus
1
13
14
Ulna 2
Radius
Sternum
15 Scapula
3
Carpals
4
5
Metacarpals
Phalanges 6
Pelvis
Clavicle
16 Ribs
17 Vertebrae
7
18 Femur
Sacrum
8
Tarsals
19 Patella
9
10
20 Tibia
Metatarsals
Phalanges
11
21 Fibula
Can you name all
the muscles??
1
2
3
9
10
15
16
18
11
19
12
4
17
20
13
5
6
7
21
22
8
14
23
UPPER BODY - BACK
Trapezius: Neck muscle 15
Deltoid: Shoulder muscle 16
Tricep: Muscle at the back of the arm 17
Latissimus Dorsi: Wing (back) 18
muscles
Flexor Carpi: Forearm muscles 19
UPPER BODY - FRONT
Trapezius 9
Pectorals: Chest muscles
Deltoid 1
Bicep: Muscles at front top of arm
2
Abdominals: Core (trunk) muscles 11
Obliques: Side muscles 10
Extensor Carpi: Forearm muscles 3
LOWER BODY - BACK
Gluteus Maximus: Bottom muscles 20
Hamstrings: Back of the thigh 21
Gastrocnemius: Calf muscle 22
Soleus: Ankle muscle 23
LOWER BODY - FRONT
Illiopsoas: Hip muscle 12
Adductor: Inner Thigh muscle 13
Sartorius 4
Rectus Femoris 5
Vastus Lateralis 6
Quadracep: Thigh muscle
Vastus Medialis 7
Tibialis Anterior: Shin muscle 8
Soleus 14
MUSCLES
Abdominus Rectus
Types of Joints
• Immovable Joints (synarthrotic)
• Joints that are fused for strength
• Slightly Movable Joints (amphiarthrosis)
• Joints which bind bones together to make up the
skeleton with limited movement
• Freely Movable Joints (diarthrosis)
• Joints which allow for movement
• Also called Synovial Joints
Synovial Joints
Synovial Fluid
lubricates the joint
Cartilage protects
bone ends from
friction and acts as a
shock absorber
The Capsule
surrounds the joint
to prevent leakage
Ligaments attach Bone
to Bone
Tendons attach
Muscle to Bone
Synovial Membrane
seals the joint
6 Basic Joints
How do we remember?
Based on the different planes that a joint can
move through
1. Uniaxial – Joints that move in ONE direction
HINGE JOINT – moves back
and forth
e.g Elbow, Knee
PIVOT JOINT – rotates
around an axis
e.g Atlas and Axis
2. Biaxial – Joints that move in TWO directions
SADDLE JOINT
– moves back and forth
- moves side to side
e.g Thumb,
ELLIPSOIDAL JOINT
– moves back and forth
- moves side to side
e.g Metacarpophalangeal
Wrist
3. Triaxial – Joints that move in THREE directions
BALL AND SOCKET JOINT
– moves back and forth
- moves side to side
- moves in a circle
e.g Hip, Shoulder
GLIDING JOINT
– slides back and forth
- slides side to side
- slides in a circle
*Very Small Movement*
Movement
FLEXION – to reduce the angle between
the two bones
EXTENSION – to increase the angle
between the two bones
HYPEREXTENSION – to increase the
angle further than the normal
position
Movement
ABDUCTION (ab, from)– To move away from
the longitudinal axis of the body
(normal standing position)
ADDUCTION (ad, to)– to move back
toward the normal position
Movement
CIRCUMDUCTION – to draw a large
circle
ROTATION – to turn around an
axis. It may be:
- Left or Right
- Inward or Outward
Specific Joint Movement
Spinal Column Movements
The vertebral column has the following normal
ranges of movement: Flexion, Extension, Lateral
Flexion and Rotation.
SHOULDER GIRDLE
The shoulder girdle has the following
normal ranges of movement: Elevation,
Depression, Adduction and Abduction.
SHOULDER JOINT
The shoulder joint has the following normal
ranges of movement: Flexion, Extension,
Adduction, Abduction and Medial Rotation.
ELBOW JOINT
The elbow joint has the following normal ranges of
movement: Flexion, Extension, Pronation and
Supination.
WRIST JOINT
The wrist joint has the following normal ranges of
movement: Flexion, Extension, Adduction, Abduction
and Circumduction.
HIP JOINT
The hip joint has the following normal ranges of
movement: Flexion, Extension, Adduction, Abduction,
Medial Rotation and Lateral Rotation.
KNEE JOINT
The knee joint has the following normal ranges of
movement: Flexion and Extension
ANKLE JOINT
The ankle joint has the following normal ranges of
movement: Plantar Flexion, Dorsi Flexion, Inversion
and Eversion.
Muscle Movements
• Muscles work in pairs to create
movement
• Prime muscles contract to exert forces which
in turn shift bones to perform movements.
• This means prime movers contract (pull) on
bones while the opposite muscle relaxes
• The prime movers are called Agonsists while
the opposite muscles are called Antagonists
Movements
Take for example
a bicep curl; the
bicep is the prime
muscle mover
(agonist) needed to
curl the arm. These
muscles shorten.
The triceps are the
opposite muscles
(antagonists) that
help stabilise the
movement. These
muscles lengthen.
What muscles cause these movements?
• BENCH PRESS
Pull Up (Chins)
Hip flexion
Hip Extension
GLUTEUS MAXIMUS
Knee Flexion and Extension
HAMSTRINGS
QUADRICEPS
Elbow Flexion and Extension
TRICEPS
BICEP