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Midterm Review Guide
Chapter 18: Classification
1. Why do scientists classify organisms?
2. Even though they are both types of bears, the grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) and the polar bear
(Ursus maritimus) belong to different species. Describe how you know this by using the
scientific name of both species. What taxon do they share in common?
3. This is the largest taxon in Linnaeus’s system of classification. _________________________
4. What is the modern classification system that biologists use? What is it based on?
Chapter19: Bacteria and Viruses
5. Contrast eubacteria and archaebacteria (how are they different?).
6. What are four characteristics that are used to classify prokaryotes?
7. List and describe the three different shapes of prokaryotes.
8. Describe the importance of bacteria in the environment.
9. Describe the basic structure of a virus.
10. Is the following statement true or false? All viruses are similar in size and structure. _______
11. Define pathogens –
Chapter 21: Fungi
12. Describe the basic structure of a fungus.
13. What is the role of a mushroom?
14. What is the significance of the fungus Penicillium?
15. Describe the main role of fungi in an ecosystem.
16. Some fungi are parasites. What are parasites?
Chapter 27: Worms and Mollusks
17. Describe flatworms.
18. Describe the structure and function of the pharynx.
19. This term refers to groups of nerve cells that control the nervous system. ________________
20. Describe the role of eyespots in flatworms.
21. Why don’t parasitic flatworms need a complex digestive system?
22. What is the function of a tapeworm’s scolex?
23. Describe a roundworm’s digestive system.
24. Describe how roundworms move.
25. Parasitic roundworms have _______________________ (simpler / more complex) body
systems than free-living roundworms.
26. Most free-living roundworms are _____________________ (herbivores / carnivores).
27. Describe various ways roundworms can infect people.
28. Filarial worms cause this disease. ____________________________
29. How would a person contract trichinosis?
30. The bodies of annelids are divided into ___________________________.
31. Annelids have a (an) __________________ (open / closed) circulatory system.
32. Know the location of the following earthworm structures and describe their function.
gizzard –
dorsal blood vessel –
clitellum –
setae –
33. An earthworm belongs to this phylum. ________________________
34. Describe how earthworms improve soil quality.
35. Describe the feeding strategy of most leeches.
36. What piece of evidence supports the idea that annelids and mollusks are closely related?
37. Do mollusks have a true coelom? _____________
38. Describe why an open circulatory system is only good for certain mollusks.
39. The body plan of most mollusks are divided into these four parts?
40. Define mantle –
41. What forms can the foot take in different types of mollusks?
42. Pond snails belong to this class of mollusks. ___________________________
43. What feeding types are represented in the phylum Mollusca?