Download Unit 1 Evolution Chp 22 Module 2

UNIT 1 EVOLUTION
CHAPTER 22 DARWINISM: EVIDENCE
MODULE #2
1. Direct observations of evolutionary change provide data that documents the pattern of evolution.
Below is a graph soapberry bugs feeding on both native plants and non-native (introduced) plants.
Briefly explain how this is evidence for natural selection and how this data documents the pattern of
evolution.
2. Below is an electron microscope picture of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
Is MRSA a bacterium or virus?
If Staphlococcus aureus is so common, found on the skin of one out of
three humans, what makes this strain so dangerous?
Google “MRSA flesh eating disease” and see what this little
nasty can do.
3. Below is timeline showing the evolution of Staphylococcus aureus. Give a brief description of how
these resistant strains of S. aureus emerged and spread.
4. What does the following phrase mean: “Natural selection is a process of editing, not a creative
mechanism”?
5. Critique the following statement: “MRSA would have emerged even if humans never came into
existence”.
6. Below is a diagram showing the homologous structures of mammalian forelimbs.
What is a “homologous structure”?
How is this evidence for evolution?
7. Below is a diagram showing embryological homologies.
What is meant by “embryological
homology”?
How is this evidence of evolution?
8. Below are pictures showing vestigial structures (hind limbs in snakes and eyes of cave fish).
What is a “vestigial structure”?
How is this evidence for evolution?
Which came first: Walking reptiles or slithering reptiles?
Give a reasonable explanation as to why the cavefish’s eyes
became vestigial.
List a minimum of three vestigial structures in humans (you).
9. Below is a graph showing the comparison of amino acid sequences (DNA sequence) in hemoglobin,
the protein in your red blood cells that carries oxygen, of different species.
What is meant by “molecular
homologies”?
How is this evidence for evolution?
10. Below is a phylogenetic tree or evolutionary tree (family tree) for tetrapods.
What is a “tetrapod”?
What does each branch point represent
in this diagram (blue numbers)?
What makes mammals, reptiles, and
birds different than amphibians?
How is this evidence for “descent with
modification”?
11. Below is a diagram representing convergent evolution. The Sugar Glider is a marsupial mammal
found in Australia whereas the Flying Squirrel is a eutherian (placental) mammal found in North
America.
What is the difference between a
“marsupial” and “eutherian”
mammal?
What is “convergent evolution”?
How is this specific scenario an
example of convergent evolution?
What is the difference between
analogous and homologous
features?
12. Below are pictures comparing the astragalus (a type of ankle bone) found in fossils and present-day
examples of mammals.
How are fossils used as evidence of
evolution?
Which one of these (pictures to left) is
definitely a fossil?
13. Below is the phylogenetic/evolutionary tree illustrating the hypothesis that cetaceans evolved from
terrestrial mammals.
What mammals are included in the order
of cetacean?
How are fossils used as evidence for this
hypothesis?
What anatomical changes, to land
mammals, had to occur for this hypothesis
to be true?
How is this an example of “descent with
modification”?
14. Below is a diagram representing continental drift since the time of Pangaea.
What is “biogeography”?
How has continental drift influenced the
distributions of organisms?
15. Below is a map showing the fossil distribution of three reptiles and one fern plant.
How does the finding of
these fossils on different
continents support the
process of continental
drift?
Do ferns currently grow in
Antarctica? What does
this tell us about
Antarctica millions of
years ago?
16. Below is a biogeographical map showing the distribution of reptiles in the United States.
Where are the majority of
reptile species found in
North America?
What are some “biological”
factors related to the
“geographical” distribution
of reptiles in North
America?
17. Below is a picture of a Galapagos tortoise and the Sally Lightfoot crab.
Both of these organisms are
considered to be “endemic” to the
Galapagos Islands. What does this
mean?
18. Below are three different images. The first image is of the Galapagos finches. The second image is
of the Galapagos Islands and the third image is illustrating the process of colonization and speciation of
an archipelago.
Give a brief “Darwinian” explanation of how the
14 species of finches came to be on the
Galapagos Islands.
19. What is wrong with dismissing Darwin’s ideas as “just a theory”?