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Name: _________________________ Unit VIA: Introduction to Chemical Reactions Introduction to Chemical Reactions and Equations Study Guide Learning Targets: 1, 2 & 3 Compound Formulas Review 1. How do you know if a compound is ionic or covalent? Ionic – bond between a metal and nonmetal. Covalent – bond between a nonmetal and a nonmetal. 2. The numbers written to the bottom right of element symbols in a compound are called ___subscripts________. These numbers tell you the ratio of __atoms______ in the compound. 3. Sometimes the names of ionic compounds include roman numerals written in parenthesis after the cation’s name. What do these numbers tell you? Why aren’t they used for all ionic compounds? The charge of the metallic ion. Some ions don’t have multiple charges. 4. What information do you have to know before you can write the formula for an ionic compound? symbol and charge 5. When determining the subscripts in an ionic compound’s formula, what net charge do you want the compound to have? neutral 6. What is the criss-cross method? Give an example to explain it. We cross the charges to make a neutral compound. Ca+2 Cl-1 CaCl2 7. When given the name of a covalent compound, how do you know the subscripts to put in the formula for each type of atom present in the compound? the prefixes tell us. Chemical Reactions and Equations Review 8. What happens during a chemical reaction? one or two compounds or atoms react to form something new. 9. What is the difference between a word equation and a formula equation? word equation uses words; formula uses symbols 10. In a chemical reaction, the ___reactants_______ are written on the left side of the arrow, and the __products________ are written on the right side of the arrow. 11. If you read an equation aloud, what do you say when you read the arrow? __yields_____________ 12. What law are we verifying by balancing equations? What does the law say? law of conservation of matter; matter cannot be created or destroyed 13. What are coefficients? What do they tell you about an equation? numbers in a chemical reaction that tell us the number of moles reacting 14. What do the letters in parenthesis after a compound’s formula mean? List them and identify what they stand for. g - gas l – liquid s - solid aq - aqueous You have practice worksheets for all of the types of problems that will be on your test. If you feel that you need more practice over the material, your textbook has a chapter review on pages 234-236. Here are the questions divided by type of problem: write word equations from formula equations. (Use #33-36, but write the names of the compounds instead of balancing the equation.) write formula equations from word equations or reaction descriptions. (#9-30, 37-49) balance chemical formula equations. (#33-36, 39-48; and you could balance the equations in #9-30) Balancing Equations 1) 1 Na3PO4 + 3 KOH 3 NaOH + 1 K3PO4 2) 1 MgF2 + 1 Li2CO3 1 MgCO3 + 2 LiF 3) 1 P4 + 3 O2 2 P2O3 4) 2 RbNO3 + 1 BeF2 1 Be(NO3)2 + 2 RbF 5) 2 AgNO3 + 1 Cu 1 Cu(NO3)2 + 2 Ag 6) 1 CF4 + 2 Br2 1 CBr4 + 2 F2 7) 2 HCN + 1 CuSO4 1 H2SO4 + 1 Cu(CN)2 8) 1 GaF3 + 3 Cs 3 CsF + 1 Ga 9) 1 BaS + 1 PtF2 1 BaF2 + 1 PtS 10) 1 N2 + 3 H2 2 NH3 11) 2 NaF + 1 Br2 2 NaBr + 1 F2 12) 1 Pb(OH)2 + 2 HCl 2 H2O + 1 PbCl2 13) 2 AlBr3 + 3 K2SO4 6 KBr + 1 Al2(SO4)3 14) 1 CH4 + 2 O2 1 CO2 + 2 H2O 15) 2 Na3PO4 + 3 CaCl2 6 NaCl + 1 Ca3(PO4)2 16) 2 K + 1 Cl2 2 KCl 17) 2 Al + 6 HCl 3 H2 + 2 AlCl3 18) 1 N2 + 3 F2 2 NF3 19) 1 SO2 + 2 Li2Se 1 SSe2 + 2 Li2O 20) 2 NH3 + 1 H2SO4 1 (NH4)2SO4 Writing and Balancing Formula Equations Step 1: Write each formula and balance each formula using SUBSCRIPTS. Step 2: Balance the overall equation using coefficients. 1. sulfur reacts with oxygen to yield sulfur dioxide S + O2 → SO2 2. zinc reacts with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to yield zinc sulfate and hydrogen Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2 3. hydrogen reacts with nitrogen to form nitrogen trihydride 3H2 + N2 → 2NH3 4. hydrogen reacts with chlorine to yield hydrogen chloride H2 + Cl2 → 2HCl 5. carbon reacts with water to form carbon monoxide and hydrogen C + H2O → CO + H2 6. calcium hydroxide forms when calcium oxide reacts with water CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2 7. phosphorus reacts with oxygen to yield diphosphorus pentoxide 4P + 5O2 → 2P2O5 8. sodium chloride and water are produced when hydrogen chloride and sodium hydroxide react HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O 9. barium chloride reacts with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to produce barium sulfate and hydrogen chloride BaCl2 + H2SO4 → BaSO4 + 2HCl 10. aluminum hydroxide and calcium sulfate are produced when aluminum sulfate and calcium hydroxide react Al2(SO4)3 + 3Ca(OH)2 → 2Al(OH)3 + 3CaSO4 11. ethane (C2H6) reacts with oxygen to yield carbon dioxide and water 2C2H6 + 7O2 → 4CO2 + 6H2O 12. aluminum and oxygen are formed when aluminum oxide decomposes 2Al2O3 → 4Al + 3O2