Download Skeletal System, Muscular System and Skin Notes

Digestive System Notes
Three main functions & processes of the digestive system…
Digestion: Body breaks down food.
Absorption: Food molecules enter the blood & are carried to cells.
Excretion: Wastes pass out of body.
Two kinds of digestion…
Mechanical digestion: Food is physically broken down into smaller pieces by
chewing & churning.
Chemical digestion: Food is chemically broken into smaller molecules by
enzymes.
Enzymes: Proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body. Examples:
saliva, pepsin & hydrochloric acid
Organs food passes through…
Mouth => Esophagus=> Stomach =>
Small intestine=> Large intestine=> Rectum=> Anus
Accessory Organs… (food does NOT pass through)
Liver & gall bladder , pancreas
Mouth : mechanical digestion=> teeth
chemical digestion=> saliva
Esophagus: Muscular tube that connects mouth to the stomach.
Peristalsis: Involuntary smooth muscle contractions that move food in one
direction through the digestive system (unless vomiting… out of
homeostasis!).
Stomach: Muscular pouch in the abdomen…
mechanical digestion=> churning
chemical digestion=> pepsin & hydrochloric acid
Mucus protects the stomach lining from being digested.
Small intestine: Most of the chemical digestion & absorption of nutrients
into the blood stream occurs here.
Food mixes with enzymes & chemicals secreted into the small intestine by the
liver (gall bladder) & pancreas.
Villi: Millions of tiny finger shaped
structures that line the walls of the
small intestine to provide more
surface area for nutrient
absorption.
Liver: Produces bile to physically
break down fats (like dish soap on
grease).
Gall bladder: Stores bile produced by
the liver & passes it into the small
intestine.
Pancreas: Produces enzymes that
flow into the small intestine & help
complete chemical digestion.
Large intestine: Water is absorbed
into the blood stream & the
remaining fiber & undigested food is
prepared for excretion.
Rectum
Rectum: Short section at the end of
the large intestine where waste is
compressed into solid form.
Anus: Muscular opening at the end of
the rectum where wastes exit the body.
Common problems or disorders in the digestive system:
Ulcers: Open sore in the lining of the stomach or intestine.
Heartburn: (A.K.A. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disorder- GERD) Digestive
disorder caused when the stomach acid flows back into the esophagus.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): Intestinal disorder that can cause cramps, gas,
bloating, constipation or diarrhea.
Constipation: Uncomfortable or infrequent bowel movements. (not enough
water in the feces)
Diarrhea: Watery stool. (too much water in the feces)
Food poisoning: Eating food contaminated by bacteria or toxins that can cause
severe abdominal pain, vomiting or diarrhea which can lead to dehydration.
Anus
Digestive System Notes
Three main functions & processes of the digestive system…
_________________________: Body breaks down food.
_________________________: Food molecules enter the blood & are carried to cells.
_________________________: Wastes pass out of body.
Two kinds of digestion…
_________________________: Food is physically broken down into smaller
pieces by chewing & churning.
_________________________: Food is chemically broken into smaller
molecules by enzymes.
_________________________: Proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the
body. Examples: saliva, pepsin & hydrochloric acid
Organs food passes through…
___________________=>
___________________ => __________________ => ___________________=>
___________________ => __________________ => ___________________=>
Accessory Organs… (food does NOT pass through)
_______________ & _________________________, ___________________
_________________________: mechanical digestion=> ___________________
chemical digestion=> _____________________
_________________________: Muscular tube that connects mouth to the stomach.
_________________________: Involuntary smooth muscle contractions that
move food in one direction through the digestive system (unless vomiting…
out of homeostasis!).
_________________________: Muscular pouch in the abdomen…
mechanical digestion=> ___________________
chemical digestion=> _______________ & ___________________________
____________________ protects the stomach lining from being digested.
_________________________: Most of the ____________________ digestion
& ____________________ of nutrients into the blood stream occurs here.
Food mixes with enzymes & chemicals secreted into the small intestine by the
____________________ (gall bladder) & ____________________.
_________________________: Millions of tiny finger shaped structures that line
the walls of the small intestine to provide more surface area for nutrient
absorption.
_________________________: Produces bile to physically break down fats (like
dish soap on grease).
_________________________: Stores bile produced by the liver & passes it into
the small intestine.
_________________________: Produces enzymes that flow into the small
intestine & help complete chemical digestion.
_________________________: Water is absorbed into the blood stream & the
remaining fiber & undigested food is prepared for excretion.
_________________________: Short section at the end of the large intestine
where waste is compressed into solid form.
_________________________: Muscular opening at the end of the rectum
where wastes exit the body.
Common problems or disorders in the digestive system:
____________________: Open sore in the lining of the stomach or intestine.
_________________________: (A.K.A. Gastroesophageal Reflux DisorderGERD) Digestive disorder caused when the stomach acid flows back into the
esophagus.
_________________________: Intestinal disorder that can cause cramps, gas,
bloating, constipation or diarrhea.
_________________________: Uncomfortable or infrequent bowel
movements. (not enough water in the feces)
_________________________: Watery stool. (too much water in the feces)
_________________________: Eating food contaminated by bacteria or toxins
that can cause severe abdominal pain, vomiting or diarrhea which can lead to
dehydration.
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________