Download 01 - 6th Grade Science with Mrs. Harlow

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Chapter Re-Test Study Guide Chapter 13 and 14
Exploring the Oceans and Movement of Ocean Water
1. Name all the world’s ocean and include their size.
Pacific – largest
Atlantic – 2nd largest
Indian – 3rd largest
Southern - Extends from coast of Antartica to 60 degrees south latitude
2. What is evaporation?
When a liquid changes into a vapor or gas.
3. What determines the ocean’s surface temperature?
Latitude and time of year (seasons)
4. The most abundant dissolved salt in ocean water is?
Sodium Chloride
5. What do we know about the Earth’s oceans and change?
They have changed over time.
6. What is the difference between seamount above ocean’s surface and below the ocean’s surface?
Seamount above the ocean’s surface can become a volcanic island and below the ocean’s surface is a
mountain.
7.What technologies do scientists use to study the ocean floor?
Sonar, satellites and Geosat
8. What are the two major regions of the ocean floor?
Continental margin and deep-ocean basin
9. What is an ocean trench?
Often created by subduction at convergent boundaries and located parallel to a chain of volcanic
islands
10.What are sources of point-source pollution?
Pollution that comes from a specific site for example, a leaking oil tanker, a factory or waste-water
treatment plant, sludge dumping, oil spills, and trash dumping.
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The Movement of Ocean Water
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11. What are sources of non-point source pollution?
Pollution comes from many different sources and especially as a result of human behavior such as
using lawn/pesticide chemicals and disposing of used motor oil improperly.
12. How do Surface ocean currents such as the Gulf Stream affect climate?
The Gulf Stream carries warm water from the tropics to the North Atlantic Ocean and transports
more water than all the rivers in the world.
13. In which direction do global winds blow ocean currents near the equator?
They blow from east to west
14. How do surface currents and deep currents compare?
Surface currents are warmer and less dense
Deep ocean currents are colder and denser
15. What happens to water molecules when they get cold?
The water molecules slow down and move closer together which increases their density
16. What causes water from deep currents to rise to the surface to replace warm currents?
Warmer, less dense water from the equator flows towards the poles. This warmer water replaces the
colder, denser water which sinks. As the deep currents move along the ocean floor the deep currents
rise to replace the warmer surface currents. (See page 421 figure 8)
17. How do warm-water currents affect the coastal areas along which they flow?
They help to create a warmer milder climate for that latitude
18. What are the negative effects of El Niño?
Rain, flash floods, and mudslides occur in places where there is normally little rain and droughts in
areas that are used to a lot of rain.
19. In what direction does an undertow flow?
This subsurface current pulls objects straight out to sea in the opposite direction of the waves.
20. How does an earthquake cause a tsunami?
Earthquakes cause a sudden up or down movement of a large volume of ocean water from the ocean
floor resulting in a huge wave or tsunami
21. What happens at high tide?
The moon’s gravity causes the Earth’s oceans to bulge. High tides occur on the part of the Earth that
is closest to the moon. High tides occur on the opposite side of the Earth.
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The Movement of Ocean Water
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22. How does the moon’s gravity create high and low tides?
The moon revolves around the Earth much more slowly than the Earth rotates. (See page 433)
23. Spring tides and neap tides occur in patterns governed by?
The relative positions of the sun, Earth, and moon. (page 434)
Spring tide: the first time it occurs is when the moon is between the sun and Earth. The second time
it occurs the sun and moon are on opposite sides of the Earth.
Neap tide: the sun and moon are at right angles to each other and their gravitational forces work
against each other.
24. Name and define all the features on the ocean floor.
See page 384-385
Continental shelf: area between shoreline and continental slope
Continental slope: area between continental shelf and ocean floor
Continental rise: base of the continental slope
Abyssal plain: broad, flat part of the deep-ocean basin
Mid-ocean ridges: mountain ridges that form near rift zones
Rift valley: form in a rift zone where tectonic plates diverge (separate)
Ocean trenches: steep, long depression or crack that form parallel to volcanic islands
Seamount: submerged mountain. Those that are above ocean surface create volcanic islands
25. Draw a picture of a wave. Label and define all parts including measuring distances on wave
parts.
Wave crest: highest part of a wave
Wave trough: lowest part of a wave
Wave height: vertical distance between the highest and lowest points of a wave
Wavelength: vertical difference between two adjacent high points or two adjacent low points of a
wave
See page 428
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
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The Movement of Ocean Water