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Biology 232 Summer 2005
Lecture Exam 2
Circle the letter corresponding to the best response. (2 pts each)
1) The sites of olfactory transduction are the olfactory hairs, which are stimulated by
a. binding odorant molecules dissolved in mucus
b. bending due to air circulating in the nasal passages
c. binding odorant molecules suspended in the air
d. mucus-produced by cells in the nasal epithelium.
2) First-order olfactory neurons synapse with second-order neurons in the
a. nasal mucosa
b. basal stem cells
c. temporal lobe
d. olfactory bulbs
3) In order for a substance to be tasted, it must
a. bind to filiform papillae
b. have a pH below 7
c. dissolve in saliva
d. stimulate olfactory receptors
4) Taste buds contain
a. gustatory receptors
b. olfactory receptors
c. tactile receptors
d. ganglion cells
5) The lacrimal apparatus produces
a. sweat
b. sebum
c. aqueous humor
d. tears
6) The lens of the eye is suspended by the
a. cornea
b. iris
c. fibrous tunic
d. zonular fibers
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7) Glaucoma is due mainly to
a. excess aqueous humor
b. excess vitreous humor
c. contraction of the ciliary muscle
d. excess lacrimal secretions
8) Nutrients are provided to the retina by blood vessels in the posterior portion of the
vascular tunic known as the
a. ciliary body
b. choroid
c. sclera
d. macula lutea
9) The blind spot of the retina is so-called because
a. only cones are found there
b. only rods are found there
c. there are no rods or cones there
d. light rays cannot reach that spot
10) The central fovea is
a. where the optic nerve exits the back of the eye
b. the area of highest visual acuity
c. what secretes aqueous humor
d. the pigmented layer that absorbs light
11) Which of the following occurs during accommodation for close vision?
a. relaxation of the ciliary muscle to flatten the lens
b. relaxation of the ciliary muscle to make the lens more round
c. contraction of the ciliary muscle to flatten the lens
d. contraction of the ciliary muscle to make the lens more round
12) Which is the correct sequence for conduction of a visual nerve impulse?
1. photoreceptor
4. optic chiasm
2. optic tract
5. occipital lobe
3. optic nerve (CN II)
a. 1,3,4,2,5
b. 1,2,3,4,5
c. 1,2,4,3,5
d. 1,4,3,2,5
13) The photopigments in rods and cones all
a. contain the same opsin molecule
b. respond to the same wavelengths of light
c. contain retinal as the light-absorbing molecule
d. regenerate at the same rate
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14) A myopic individual
a. has a shortened eyeball
b. is near-sighted
c. is far-sighted
d. cannot focus on near objects
15) The auditory (Eustachian) tube connects the
a. middle ear and inner ear
b. external ear and middle ear
c. middle ear and nasopharynx
d. cochlea and vestibule
16) The middle ear is normally filled with
a. endolymph
b. perilymph
c. cerumen
d. air
17) The role of the stapedius muscle is to
a. connect the ossicles to the oval window
b. flex the hair cells of the spiral organ
c. constrict the Eustachian tube
d. prevent excessive vibration of the stapes
18) Transduction of sound waves into receptor potentials occurs when
a. pressure waves travel through the perilymph
b. the tympanic membrane moves the ossicles
c. hair cells bend against the tectorial membrane
d. perilymph moves the round window
19) The primary function of the semicircular ducts is to
a. detect low frequency sound waves
b. monitor dynamic equilibrium
c. monitor static equilibrium
d. produce endolymph in the cochlear duct
20) Which is the correct sequence for sound waves traveling in the ear?
1. ossicles
4. oval window
2. perilymph
5. basilar membrane
3. tympanic membrane
a. 5,4,2,3,1
b. 3,4,1,5,2
c. 2,4,5,1,3
d. 3,1,4,2,5
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21) The effect of a water-soluble hormone on a target cell does NOT depend on
a. receptors on the nuclear membrane
b. a second messenger in the cell
c. receptors in the outer plasma membrane
d. a cascade of enzymatic reactions
22) Lipid-soluble hormones do NOT include
a. steroid hormones
b. thyroid hormones
c. sex hormones
d. protein hormones
23) Insulinlike growth factors are necessary for the full effect of
a. insulin
b. human growth hormone
c. cortisol
d. thyroxine
24) A hormone that opposes the action of another hormone is called
a. synergistic
b. permissive
c. antagonistic
d. tropic
25) Positive feedback loops initiated by suckling or stretching of the cervix promote
release of
a. oxytocin
b. estrogen
c. follicle-stimulating hormone
d. luteinizing hormone
26) Hormones in the posterior pituitary are released in response to
a. releasing hormones from the hypothalamus
b. nerve impulses from the hypothalamus
c. permissive hormones from the pineal gland
d. renin from the kidneys
27) Production and secretion of thyroid hormones is inhibited by negative feedback of
a. triiodothyronine (T3)
b. thyroid-stimulating hormone
c. thyroglobulin
d. thyroxine-binding globulin
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28) The main target for antidiuretic hormone is the
a. kidneys
b. uterus
c. adrenal medulla
d. anterior pituitary
29) The primary effect of thyroid hormones is to
a. decrease blood glucose
b. promote the release of calcitonin
c. increase metabolism
d. promote excretion of sodium ions in urine
30) Increased production of calcitriol (active vitamin D) is a major effect of
a. parathyroid hormone
b. aldosterone
c. calcitonin
d. thyroid-stimulating hormone
31) In the formation of thyroid hormones, what is added to the amino acid tyrosine?
a. thyroxine
b. thyroglobulin
c. colloid
d. iodine
32) An important effect of mineralocorticoids is to stimulate
a. gluconeogenesis
b. uptake of glucose by body cells
c. osteoclast production and activity
d. increased Na+ and water reabsorption
33) The primary stimulus for release of glucocorticoids is
a. adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
b. the RAA pathway
c. increased levels of blood glucose
d. increased levels of calcium ions in the blood
34) An increase in blood glucose AND an anti-inflammatory effect are both effects of
a. epinephrine
b. glucagon
c. cortisol
d. insulin
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35) The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway regulates levels of
a. Na+ and water
b. calcium
c. glucose
d. sex hormones
36) The primary target for glucagon is the
a. adrenal cortex
b. liver
c. pancreas
d. kidneys
37) The primary source of sex hormones in women after menopause is the
a. anterior pituitary
b. hypothalamus
c. thyroid gland
d. adrenal cortex
38) The main stimulus for the release of insulin is
a. elevated blood glucose
b. decreased blood glucose
c. insulin-releasing hormone
d. insulinlike growth factors
39) The exhaustion stage of the stress response results in symptoms similar to
a. hypothyroidism
b. hyperparathyroidism
c. Cushing’s syndrome
d. Addison’s disease
40) Which disorder results from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic islet beta cells?
a. diabetes insipidus
b. insulin dependent diabetes
c. type II diabetes
d. non-insulin dependent diabetes
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Match the structure with the description. (1 pt each)
a. malleus
b. vitreous body
c. vestibule
d. sclera
e. endolymph
f. utricle
g. ampulla
h. stapes
i. otolithic membrane
j. fungiform papillae
k. cornea
l. organ of Corti
m. filiform papillae
n. choroid
o. perilymph
1) _____ ossicle attached to the tympanic membrane
2) _____ location of mechanoreceptors for hearing
3) _____ structure pulled by gravity over the hair cells in static equilibrium
4) _____ fluid that fills the cochlear duct
5) _____ membranous labyrinth sac in the vestibule
6) _____ enlargement at the base of each semicircular duct
7) _____ site of taste buds on the tongue
8) _____ the “white” of the eye
9) _____ anterior, transparent part of the fibrous tunic
10)_____ jellylike substance that helps holds the retina in place
Match the hormone with the site of its production. (1 pt each)
1) _____ zona fasciculata
a. releasing and inhibiting hormones
2) _____ alpha cells
b. T3 and T4
3) _____ somatotrophs
c. glucagon
4) _____ zona reticularis
d. aldosterone
5) _____ hypothalamus
e. epinephrine
6) _____ chief cells
f. insulin
7) _____ follicular cells
g. androgens
8) _____ adrenal medulla
h. cortisol
9) _____ zona glomerulosa
i. parathyroid hormone
10)_____ beta cells
j. human growth hormone
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