Download Biology 130

Biology 130
Dr. Matern
Sample Midterm 4
Part A: Fill-in. Write the appropriate answers in the space to the right.
Structures that resemble each other due to common ancestry are
known as (1)____.
1. _________________
“The maintenance of stable internal operating conditions” is a way of
2. _________________
describing (2)____.
In a (3)____-feedback system, the response intensifies the original
signal.
3. _________________
4. _________________
The heart cycle consists of two major phases. One of these is
5. _________________
contraction, also known as (4)____.
Blood vessels with the thickest walls are (5)____.
Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide can only take place in the
6. _________________
7. _________________
portion of the lungs known as (6)____.
Immunoglobulins, or antibodies, are made by specific cells in the
8. _________________
9. _________________
immune system called (7)____.
The antimicrobial enzyme found in tears and saliva is called (8)____.
10. ________________
The nematode C. elegans is very useful to biologists studying cell
differentiation because it has few cells and it is (9)____.
11. ________________
If gastrulation occurs at two different points in the developing embryo, 12. ________________
the result will be (10)____.
Genes that turn on banks of other genes are called (11)____.
Cells that have a common structure and function are called (12)____.
1
Part B: In each of the following lists, three of the four items have something biological in
common. Circle the one that does not fit and make a positive statement which describes what is
common to the three but is not shared by the fourth.
1)
superior vena cava
jugular vein
pulmonary vein
inferior vena cava
3)
residual volume
vital capacity
tidal volume
inspiratory capacity
2)
increased circulation
increased capillary permeability
increased antibody production
increased phagocyte migration
4)
population size is unlimited
variation exists in populations
not all individuals survive and reproduce
some variation is heritable
Part C: Short answer
1) List and describe the ways that an antibody can cause the destruction of a foreign antigen.
2) One adaptation that has evolved in diving mammals is peripheral vasoconstriction, where the
blood flow is reduced to nonessential parts of the body. Since many diving mammals exhale
before they dive, the lungs are not used during the dive, yet the blood continues to flow to the
lungs throughout the dive. What anatomical reason prevents the reduction of blood flow to the
lungs during a dive?
3) Take a drop of blood from the right arm to the left arm. List, in order, the major blood
vessel types, the chambers of the heart, and the valves it will pass through taking the most direct
route.
4) List and describe three mechanisms of cell differentiation.
5) Animals can respond to their thermal environment in the short-term as well as the long-term
(acclimation). List at least three short-term and three long-term ways that animals can regulate
their thermal environment.
2