Download Social Studies Notes for the Year

5th Grade-Social Studies Notes for the Year
These are a basic framework for our class. We add information to this during class. Class notes should be used for weekly grades.
This summary will become more helpful for CRCT review.
SS5H1 – Civil War
Jefferson Davis was president of the Confederacy
Ulysses S. Grant was the commander of the Union army
Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson was a commander of the Confederate army
Robert E. Lee was the commander of the Confederate army
Abraham Lincoln was the US president during the Civil War
Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin which described the horrors of slavery
The Civil War began at Fort Sumter
The Civil War battle fought in Pennsylvania was Gettysburg. It was also the battle that turned the war in favor of the Union.
The Union general that captured Atlanta was Sherman
General Lee surrendered to General Grant at Appomattox Court House
Sherman’s destructive advance from Atlanta to Savannah is referred to as the March to the Sea
The raid on Harpers Ferry, organized by John Brown, convinced many Southerners that they needed to secede from the Union
Southerners justified secession with the theory of states’ rights
The Civil War was more devastating in the South than in the North because most of the fighting took place in the South, blockades of
the ports caused severe shortages and the South lacked the industry to produce what it needed
SS5H2 Reconstruction
The 13th Amendment outlawed slavery
The 14th Amendment gave citizenship to all people born in the US
The 15th Amendment gave African-American men the right to vote
The Republican Party took control during Reconstruction
Northern people who moved to the South after the Civil War were called carpetbaggers
Laws that required African Americans to be separated from whites in public places were known as Jim Crow laws
Southern people who supported Republican policies during Reconstruction were called scalawags by former Confederates
In the system known as sharecropping, a farmer rented the land he farmed by paying a share of his crop to the landowner
SS5H3
Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone
George Washington Carver developed hundreds of products from the peanut
Thomas Edison invented the electric lightbulb
Orville and Wilbur Wright flew the first motorized airplane in the US
The form of communications introduced in the 19 th century and still widely used in the 21st century is the telephone.
The discoveries of George Washington Carver with the use of the peanut had the greatest impact on the economy of the South.
The invention of the electric light bulb by Thomas Edison was important because businesses could more easily operate at night.
The Spanish American War, a brief conflict between Spain and the United States in 1898 arising out of the Spanish policies in Cuba,
signaled the emergence of the US as a great power. By the time President McKinley came into office in 1897, the uproar over Cuba
was continuing, and the US dispatched the USS Maine on a mission to Cuba, ready to rescue US citizens who might be endangered by
the conflict in Cuba. On February 15, 1898 the Maine mysteriously blew up. The US blamed the Spanish. After a victory, the U.S.
acquired Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and Guam.
Theodore Roosevelt: During the Spanish-American War, Roosevelt was lieutenant colonel of the Rough Riders, consisting of over
1,250 men from all over the United States that was mainly composed of cowboys, Indians, and the other Wild West types. He was one
of the most conspicuous heroes of the war. A famous quote of his is “speak softly and carry a big stick” which advises using caution
and non-aggression, backed up by the ability to do violence if required. He began construction of the Panama Canal, a shortcut
between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
SS5H4 WWI
1914-1918
Allied Powers: US, Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, Japan Serbia, Belgium
Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Turkey
Woodrow Wilson: President
US remained an isolationist until after the sinking of the Lusitania and the interception of the Zimmerman Note
Treaty of Versailles – formally ended the war; made Germany pay back for the war costs
Roaring Twenties: period after the war when the economy was booming; mass production was used where parts of a product are
identical and are assembled in the same order (cheaper)
*Henry Ford – Ford Motor Company
*Charles Lindberg – 1st pilot to fly solo, nonstop across the Atlantic
Jazz Age – jazz; Louis Armstrong
Harlem Renaissance – 1920s when African Americans prospered in music, dance, politics, literature, and art; Langston Hughes – poet
SS5H5 Great Depression: began with the Stock Market Crash of 1929 and officially started in 1932 and lasted 10 years.
*people lost jobs
*people borrowed money (credit) from banks and weren’t able to pay back their debt (money owed); therefore, banks lost money and
eventually collapsed.
President: Herbert Hoover was blamed for the Great Depression
Soup kitchens were started by charities to provide hot food
*Farmers also suffered – The Dust Bowl – farmlands of the Great Plains were destroyed (farmers overplanted, not enough rain, topsoil
blew away)
1932 – Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) was elected president; had polio; elected 4 times in a row; established the NEW DEAL:
provided programs to provide jobs – CCC, TVA, WPA
SS5H6 WWII
Allied Powers: US, France, Great Britain, Soviet Union, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Canada
Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan
Occurred in two places: Europe and Asia
Germany and Italy invaded countries in Europe, Japan invaded those in Asia. The US joined after Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
on Dec. 7, 1941
April 1945 – President Truman dropped the 1st atomic bomb in Hiroshima, Japan and another one three days later on Nagasaki, Japan.
Japanese Surrendered on Aug. 15, 1945.
V-J Day: Victory over Japan Day
D-Day: June 6, 1944 – Allied forces launched the largest sea attack in history on the beaches of Normandy, France
V-E Day: Victory in Europe Day – May 7, 1945: Hitler killed himself and Nazi Germany collapsed.
Role changes: African Americans were allowed to be pilots in the US military during the war; women worked instead of staying home
(Rosie the Riveter)
United Nations was formed by allied nations to negotiate peace and settle disputes
SS5H7 Cold War
US:
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Wanted Democracy
Allied nations formed NATO
Winston Churchill said, “an Iron Curtain has descended across Europe”
President Truman developed Truman Doctrine
Western Europe under Allied Power control
Soviet Union:
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Wanted Communism
Signed the Warsaw Pact
Eastern Europe under Soviet control
People fled from eastern to western side
Soviets built Berlin Wall to prevent them from leaving
Berlin Wall – symbol of communism
Communism spread to other countries:
Korea divided – South Korea was democratic and North Korea was Communist
China became People’s Republic of China under dictator Mao Zedong
Cuba became Communist under Fidel Castro
Vietnam divided – North Vietnam was Communist
Domino Theory – if South Vietnam became Communist then other countries in Asia would too
McCarthyism – Senator Joseph McCarthy headed an unethical movement to get rid of Communism lost jobs and were arrested.
Korean Conflict: North Korea invaded South Korea in June 1950. US troops under General Douglas MacArthur were sent to South
Korea. Hundreds of thousands of people died. A 1953 truce left Korea still divided.
Nuclear Arms Race (1949) – between the US and Soviet Union to build atomic bombs; no direct warfare (fighting); Under President
Truman, the hydrogen bomb was created.
SS5H8
Cuban Missle Crisis (1962) – The USSR leader Khrushchev built and armed secret nuclear missile bases in Cuba since they thought
US might attack Cuba. President John F. Kennedy had the US Navy blockade Cuba so Soviet ships with missiles could not reach
Cuba. Soviet ships with missiles were finally ordered to turn around and missiles were removed from Cuban bases. The Warsaw Pact
and the Soviet government dissolved in 1991.
Vietnam War (1963-1973) – US trained South Vietnamese to fight the Communists. By 1963, there were about 17,000 American
soldiers in Vietnam, and by 1969, there were more than 500,000. More than 58,000 American troops were killed. US troops withdrew
in 1973, and South Vietnam fell to the Communists in 1975.
MODERN CULTURE
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas – May 17, 1954 – challenged the law of “separate but equal” where African
Americans were separated from whites in public places. The Brown family went to court to force the Board of Education of Topeka to
allow their daughter to attend a closer, all-white school. The Supreme Court decided on the side of the Brown family.
Montgomery Bus Boycott – Rosa Parks refused to move to the back of the bus so that a white person could take her seat and was
arrested. African Americans boycotted (stopped using) the bus system for almost a year. The Supreme Court made segregation illegal.
The boycott was led by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. who became the leader of the civil rights movement.
Thurgood Marshall: the first African American to serve on the US Supreme Court and the lawyer who represented the Brown family.
Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965 were signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson – they banned racial
discrimination in public places and in the voting process.
March on Washington – August 28, 1963 – Dr. King gave his famous “I have a dream” speech.
Assassinations of the 1960s: President John F. Kennedy, Robert Kennedy, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
Space Race: USSR launched the unmanned satellite Sputnik I in 1957. The US formed NASA and in 1969, sent the space craft Apollo
11 to the moon with 3 men aboard.
SS5H9
Mikhail Gorbachev: Soviet President who recognized the independence of the USSR in 1991.
Persian Gulf War: 1991 – Kuwait was invaded by Iraq so the US began bombing Iraq who finally withdrew its troops.
September 11, 2001: al-Quaeda, a Middle East terrorist group, hijacked 4 American planes killing over 3,000 people.President George
W. Bush declared a War on Terrorism and passed the Patriot Act which gave new powers to the government to monitor the American
people to find terrorists.
SS5G2
Specialization is focusing on providing one kind of product or service. It in creases the amount of things a society can produce.
Location affects economies and specialization (Example: Pittsburgh became a center for steel production since it was built where 3
rivers come together)
SS5E1
An opportunity cost is what a person gives up by choosing one way of using resources instead of another. Example: it takes two eggs
to make scrambled eggs and two eggs to make brownies. Since you only have two eggs, you have to give up one thing to make
another. If you choose to make the brownies, the eggs are the opportunity cost. During WWII, due to rationing, people had many
opportunity costs.
The US has a free market economy – they can trade with each other almost at any time in any way that they both agree. They also
have the freedom to buy what they want and to sell what they want which is called voluntary exchange. Example: When a person buys
candy at the store, this is a trade. The person has traded money for candy. The more trade happens in an economy, the better the
economy is. When trade slows, the economy suffers. People trade for many reasons. Example: Georgia trades peaches with Oregon for
apples.
Private business: purpose is to provide goods and services. Example: gas stations selling gas to the American people.
Supply is the total amount of a product that producers are willing to make and sell at a certain price. Demand is the amount of a
product that consumers are willing and able to buy at a certain price. Example: If a grocer store normally gets 500 pounds of peaches a
week, but gets 1,000 pounds instead, the price of peaches will go up. Since there was an increase in supply, there will be a decrease in
price.
SS5E3
The processes of companies of fighting for customers is called competition, which lowers prices and improves products (AT&T and
Verizon).
In a free market system, everyone doesn’t have the same amount of money. Some have a lot, and others have almost nothing. These
problems change human behavior. When people don’t have money, they behave differently and have to find ways to make money.
When people have to make money, their work is called labor.
When people choose to get an education, this is also a change in behavior because they are responding to a market system.
Competition between sellers is also a change in behavior.
An income is a limited amount of money that someone earns for their work. A budget is a plan for how much money will be spent on
each type of item that a person must buy. It means that a person can plan to have enough money for necessities.
Some people work for employers, people who need to hire someone and benefit from this competition. Not everyone wants to work
for an employer, and instead, start their own business. These people are called entrepreneurs. There are risks in owning your own
business (don’t know if money will be made or lost). Most of these businesses are small (hair salons, repair shops, restaurants) and
bring new ideas and products to the economy.
SS5E2
A checking account is a service in which you put money in the bank so that it can be taken out slowly over time. Checks are used to
purchase goods and services, and then stores (or businesses) give the checks to their own banks, and banks move money from the
personal checking account to the company business account.
A person might want to put money in a savings account instead of a checking account because the money is protected. Also,interest (a
certain percent of the money you have in the bank) is received. Banks pay interest for savings accounts so that they can use our money
that’s just sitting there.
A loan is money that is borrowed and has to be paid back. It is usually used for large purchases (homes, cars).
A tax is money that is paid to the government. A sales tax is paid on goods and services and an income tax is charged on money
earned from working.
SS5CG1, SS5CG3 The US Constitution
The plan for the US government is described in the Constitution of the United States of America. The US Constitution was written in
1787 and describes the powers held by government and lists the powers that the government does not have, and describes how the
federal government is organized. Amendments are changes made to the Constitution. The following are amendments that have
maintained a representative democracy – a form of government founded on the principle of elected individuals representing the
people:
Twelfth Amendment: changed how the Electoral College (a group of people chosen by voters of each state who elect the president and
vice-president). When the Constitution was written, the electors would cast two votes for president. The candidate with the most votes
would be president. The runner-up would be vice president. This amendment gives each elector two votes – one for president and one
for vice president.
Thirteenth Amendment: Outlawed slavery
Fourteenth Amendment: Made all people born in US equal citizens
Fifteenth Amendment: All male citizens were given the right to vote
Seventeenth Amendment: People of the state now voted senators into office directly instead of them being appointed by the
government
Nineteenth Amendment: Women were given the right to vote
Twenty-third Amendment: Residents of DC were now allowed to vote for members of the Electoral College
Twenty-fourth Amendment: Ended poll taxes required for voting
Twenty-sixth Amendment: Changed the voting age to 18