Download Study Guide for CRCT – Social Studies

Study Guide for CRCT – Social Studies
1. Civil War (1861-1865)
· President Lincoln’s role in keeping the country together as one nation.
· Assassinated by John Wilkes Booth.
· John Brown was an Abolitionist who decided to fight against slavery and he was
the leader of a famous raid we call the John Brown raid on Harper’s Ferry. He
was captured and hanged. Many people in the north saw him as a hero.
· Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote a famous book called Uncle Tom’s Cabin and
this was the first book published about how terrible slavery was and it helped
to bring attention to the world about the tragedy of slavery in the U.S.
· The President of the Confederate States of America (South) was Jefferson
Davis.
· The North (Union) won because they had factories which could make military
supplies, U.S. money, and the cripples the South by destroying their railroads
and burning their own towns and cities.
· General Sherman (North) burned Atlanta all the way to Savannah and the
South was forced to surrender. This was known as Sherman’s March to the
Sea.
· General Lee (South) was a great general but he finally agreed to end the war and
he signed the peace treaty at Appomattox Court House, VA to end the Civil
War.
· Margaret Mitchell (author) wrote a famous novel called “Gone with the Wind”
in 1939 about the South in the Civil War and it was made into one of the most
popular films in history.
· States’ Rights
2. Reconstruction
· After the Civil War ended the Freedman’s Bureau was created by Congress to
help provide food, clothing, medical care, and legal advice to poor blacks
and whites. It set up hospitals and schools and helped many people find jobs.
· The Republican Party took control during Reconstruction.
· Carpetbaggers – northern people who moved to the south after the civil war.
· Scalawags – southern people who supported Republican policies during
Reconstruction.
· Sharecropping – rented the land he farmed by paying a share of his crop to the
landowner.
3. Rights of former slaves
· Former slaves struggled for many years after the Civil War even though
Congress passed laws; the South was determined to cause problems for them.
They passed the Jim Crow Laws in the South which segregated whites and
blacks so they had separate schools, hospitals, restaurants, everything was
separate. The South was determined to control the blacks and the U.S.
Congress did little to help them for almost 100 years.
4. Purpose of the Bill of Rights
· The first 10 Amendments to the Constitution are called the Bill of Rights.
· The Bill of Rights is like a promise to the people of the U.S. and it provided
individual rights the U. S. government promises to protect.
Example: Freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, voting rights, etc.
5. Amendments to the Constitution
· An amendment is an official change or addition to a law.
· Amendments to remember:
ü 7th Amendment – you have a right to a trial by jury.
ü 13th Amendment – end of slavery forever in the U.S. J
ü 15th Amendment – VOTING RIGHTS – this gave rights of citizens to vote
and they would not be denied the right based on race, or color. (Only men
we able to vote.)
ü 19th Amendment – Women’s Right to Vote (You go girls!! J)
ü 23rd Amendment – allows people who live in the District of Columbia
(DC) to vote in elections.
ü 24th Amendment – ban on poll tax. This means no one would be
required to pay money to register to vote.
ü 26th Amendment – voting age 18 years or older.
· E pluribus Unum – “Out on many one” The great seal of the
United States.
· Know what it looks like and what if means.
6. How can the Constitution be amended, or changed?
· It’s not easy and for good reason. The Constitution protects rights of the
people and it needs to be difficult to amend.
· ***2/3 of the House of Representatives and the Senate must approve the
change and 3/4 of the states must accept any amendment, or change.
7. Westward Expansion:
· Transcontinental Railroad – Promontory Point, UT. The development of the
railroad made the United States population move westward. Cities were dirty
and overcrowded and many people moved west to start a better life. Think of
Little House on the Prairie. These people moved to farm crops, have their own
land, farm cattle, etc.
· The Chisholm Trail was a famous cattle trail for moving cattle in the Great
Plains to areas where there were railroad depots.
· The big cities needed the cattle for food so this made many cattle farmers very
wealthy.
·
The Grand Canyon is located in the southwest in the state of Arizona.
8. Industrial Revolution (just before the Civil War to 1900)
· During the years after the Civil War, the U.S. went through great changes.
· Immigrants from other countries were coming by the millions to the U.S. to find
work and to escape persecution, famine, etc. in their own countries.
· Cities like New York and Chicago grew large and big businesses in oil, steel, and
manufacturing of goods grew..
· Inventions: (improved life for many people)
1. Telephone by Alexander Graham Bell
2. Thomas Edison created the first light bulb – this was safer than oil lamps
and cities were the first to have electric light – electric lighting also allowed for
the first time businesses such as factories to work at night and businesses in
cities to remain open after dark.
3. It would be years and years later before rural homes had electricity.
4. Thomas Edison (record player)
5. Typewriter was invented.
9. Immigration
· About 25 million people moved to the U.S. between 1880-1924.
· Many came from Ireland, Germany, England, Sweden, Denmark, and other
countries in Europe. Other areas were Russia, Italy, Hungary, Greece, Poland,
and even some from Mexico.
· Ellis Island – New York – mostly immigrants from Germany. Entered the U.S.
easily.
· Angel Island– San Francisco, CA – mostly Asian immigrants. Much harder to
get into the U.S. Could take up to a year, and many were sent away.
· Immigrants came by large boats (think of the Titanic) and most settled in cities
and often found work doing the most terrible jobs (shucking oysters, dangerous
factory jobs, mining coal, etc. They often left their countries to escape
persecution only to come to the U.S. and find discrimination here as well.
· People from other countries saw the U.S. as the Promised Land and they thought
the streets were paved with gold and everything was perfect here.
· Most families however, made a life here which is why millions can trace their
family history back to the immigrants from Europe and other areas during this
time.
· Many families lived in dirty, overcrowded apartment houses in the big cities
called “tenement” houses.
· The Asian people such as the Chinese were treated harshly by many Americans,
more so than any other immigrant group.
· Child Labor: There were no laws back then to protect children and often children
were forced to work in very dangerous jobs, for long hours, and with little pay. It
wasn’t until well after 1910 did they finally pass laws to protect children. That’s
why you really cant get a full-time job at your age…it would be illegal.
10. Income Tax
· The U.S. government started to tax people on their income (money a person
earns) this helped the government with money for: schools, roads, cleaner water,
etc. Everyone who works has to pay a portion of their income to the U.S.
government called an income tax.
11. The Spanish American War (1898)
· The U.S. showed the world it was becoming a more powerful nation when it
added Alaska and Hawaii. Some leader wanted more and they wanted to build
an empire. A conflict with Spain added new territories to the United States. A
U.S. Ship in Havana, Cuba exploded and reporters immediately blamed Spain.
(This is called Yellow Journalism- which means making up things that
exaggerate news). The U.S. declared war on Spain and the U.S. won. We
ended up getting Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and the island of Guam as
U.S. territories. These territories owned by the U.S. but not states.
· Theodore “Teddy” Roosevelt was famous for fighting in the Spanish American
War…he later became president of the United States.
12. 1903 First Flight by the Wright Brothers
· Kitty Hawk, North Carolina – you need to find it on a U.S. map.
13. World War I
· Trench War Fare – first time machine guns, tanks, and chemicals were used.
· The U.S. entered the war in 1917 which was in Europe because a German
submarine sank a passenger ship called the Lusitania which was carrying many
Americans.
· The people of the U.S. were angry and Congress entered the war.
· Germany was responsible for sinking the ship with their submarines.
· The war ended with Germany losing and it would later be the reason why
Adolf Hitler would come to power to start World War II.
14. The Roaring 20’s
· New Deal – Pres. Roosevelt started a variety of government programs that gave
people food, shelter, and jobs during the Great Depression.
· New Deal Programs – What were they used for:
· CCC – Civilian Conservation Corps
· SSA – Social Security Act
· WPA – Works Progress Administration
· TVA – Tennessee Valley Authority
·
·
·
·
·
After the end of World War I the people of the U.S. were ready to put the war
behind them and have fun. This was a time called the “Roaring Twenties”.
People in cities went to jazz clubs, they danced, and women began to wear
dresses called flappers.
Henry Ford started mass production and the assembly line of the Model T which
allowed ordinary people to purchase a car for around $300.
Inventions such as: vacuum cleaners hair curlers and hair dryers, in-home
washing machines, refrigerators, radios, and stoves made lives easier for people.
It was a time to PARTY!
15. The Roaring 20s came to a quick end when the Stock Market Crashed in October,
1929. This became known as the Great Depression and it lasted from 1929-1940.
· Soup kitchen lines – lines formed for free bread and other food. (what we know
as a shelter today)
· People lost their jobs
· People very poor often living in places made out of cardboard boxes called
“shantytowns”
· Hunger
· The Dust Bowl on the Great Plains added insult to injury and left many people
without food and a place to live. Things that caused the Dust Bowl: clearing of
sod to plant wheat, a severe drought, strong prairie winds.
· People blamed Herbert Hoover the President. He did not think that the
government should get involved to help the people. He thought the economy
would fix itself.
· Banks shut down and people lost everything (poor, poor, poor).
16. World War II (U.S. 1941-1945)
· War had broken out in Europe because Adolf Hitler (dictator) was trying to take
over the world. He had total control of his people and Germany.
· Hitler blamed the world for Germany having to pay for World War I. He blamed
Jewish people as well. He wanted to create a master race and get rid of anyone
that wasn’t full German. This included Jewish people, the handicapped, gypsies,
etc.
· Over 6 million Jewish people were killed. The world’s best known historians
believed anywhere from 30 million to 70 million people in the world dies during
this time.
· Attack on Pearl Harbor – Be able to locate Pearl Harbor, Hawaii on a U.S. map.
· Japan sided with Germany and they attached U.S. Naval Base where we
had many ships on December 6, 1941. The Japanese crippled the U.S.
Navy and Franklin Roosevelt (the President) went to Congress and they
declared WAR on Japan. Three days later Germany and Italy declared war
on the U.S. So now, the U.S. was in World War II.
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
Women worked the jobs of men who were sent off to war. “Rosie the Riveter”
was a popular painting/poster which was the nickname given to many women
who took over men’s jobs.
Women, for really the first time, were working outside the home and many loved
this new role.
Famous baseball players such as Babe Ruth provided a break from the war for
many Americans.
D-Day - June 6, 1944 – Beaches of Normandy - this was the day famous for the
U.S. and its allies to invade France. Nearly 200,000 soldiers died, but over 1
million soldiers made it past the enemy and this was the turning point which
helped move the soldiers to Germany.
Hitler killed himself when he realized the Allies were taking over Berlin, Germany.
Japan refused to give up fighting and the U.S. dropped the first world’s atomic
bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan.
The atomic bombs made the rest of the world afraid now of the U.S. and
this led to what is known as the Cold War.
17. The Cold War (1945-1961)
· War mostly of words and ideas.
· Threat of communism spreading throughout the world called the “Iron Curtain” The separation of the Communist countries in Eastern Europe from the
democratic nations in the West.
· United States vs. The Soviet Union
· The United States has a democratic government and the Soviet Union had a
communist government. This means the Soviet people had no say in anything
in their government.
· Korean War – War fought between North Korea and South Korea. North Korea
was communist run and South Korea was noncommunist run. U/S. helped South
Korea. When the war was over nothing really changed. They were still divided at
the 38 degree parallel.
· NATO: is the North Atlantic Treaty Organization – (know what NATO stands
for) – this was started by the U.S. and other nations to try and stop the Soviet
Union from forcing communism on other countries.
· Berlin Airlift – brought food and supplies into East Berlin by air when the Berlin
Wall was built.
· An all out Nuclear War was possible as Communism began to spread in the
world. People in the U.S. practiced bomb air raids (rushing to underground
shelters, put on gas masks, children practicing hiding under desks at school – it
was a time of fear)
18. The Cuban Missile Crisis (October 1962)
· This is when the Soviet Union made a deal with Cuba and they were putting
nuclear bombs on the island of Cuba pointed right at the U.S. Cuba is just
·
·
·
90 miles south of Key West, FL. People in the U.S. lived in great fear and the
U.S. ships blocked the Soviet ships from reaching Cuba.
The Soviets refused to take their missiles out of Cuba and it seemed like we
would enter a Nuclear War. Americans were very worried.
Finally an agreement was made and both the U.S. and the Soviet Union agreed
to work together.
Vietnam War – according to the domino theory, if one country in Southeast
Asia fell to communism, the other countries in the area would also fall. This
theory led the United States to enter the Vietnam War.
19. The Space Race:
In the early 1960s human flight was only a dream.
· The Soviet Union was the first country to send people into Space - so they won
the race to space. Sputnik 1
· Soon after the Soviets launched Sputnik, NASA was created. What does NASA
stand for? National Aeronautics and Space Administration
· The U.S. soon followed and in 1962 the U.S. had a man circling the earth.
· Finally, on June 20, 1967 the United States was the first nation to land on the
moon. Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin
· The Space Race led to helping satellites being placed in space. Think about
what role satellites do for us today: cell phones, live T.V., maps, emergency 911,
national security…the list goes on and on.
20. The Civil Rights Act
· Thank goodness for people like Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., Rosa Parks, and
other civil rights leaders.
· The Civil Rights Act of 1964 helped blacks finally achieve equality. People of
color were given the same rights as white people. No longer was discrimination
allowed.
· Everyone regardless of their race, gender, color has to be treated equally.
· This made it against the law for white people to refuse to serve people of color,
schools were no longer segregated by race, drinking fountains, buses,
restaurants, hotels, etc. could deny people based on their color.
· Rosa Parks – Montgomery Bus Boycott
· Brown vs. the Board of Education (Linda Brown) - What was this case about?
Desegregation in schools…she won the court case.
· Thurgood Marshall – Linda Brown’s lawyer – Later because a Supreme Court
Justice.
21. Life in the 1960s
· John F. Kennedy – “…ask not what your country can do for you- ask what you
can do for your country.” He introduced programs to improve life in the U.S. He
called these programs the New Frontier. Ex. The Peace Corps still exists today.
· President Lyndon Johnson called his social programs the Great Society.
22. Developments Since 1975
· Jimmy Carter – helped negotiate a peace agreement, known as the Camp David
Accords between Egypt and Israel.
· Ronald Reagan
· Mikhail Gorbachev – last president of the Soviet Union
· The War on Terrorism began in response to attacks in the United States on
September 11, 2001.
· Microchip – the development let to the personal computer.
23. Places to locate on a United States map
· Montgomery, Alabama
· Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
· Locations of major battles during the Civil War
· Gettysburg, PA
· The Great Plains
· Grand Canyon
· Salton Sea
· Great Salt Lake
· Mojave Desert
· Kitty Hawk, NC
· Pittsburgh, PA
· Harlem, NY
· Chisholm Trail
· Transcontinental Railroad – Promontory Point
· The Great Western Trail
· Chicago, IL
· San Francisco, CA
· Cuba