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Unit 4: The Flowering of Romanticism I. Historical Context A. A Time of Revolution 1. George III ruled England during the American and French revolutions a. George III was __________ ill and placed by many for the loss of the American colonies b. 1811 was declared mentally insane c. Most English citizens felt sympathy for the French Revolution—until the all too real awareness of their own poor became more dominate 2. Resisting Reform a. Lack of _________________ in Parliament, growing cities, crime, poor sanitations and harsh criminal justice systems all played into therefore writing or public speaking out against the government was banned B. War with France 1. 1793 Britain entered war with France after they invaded Netherlands—which would last _____ years a. During that time rebellious Irishmen sided with France rose up against British control b. Act of Union (1800) passed giving Ireland representation within the British Parliament and all the British Isles would now be called the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 2. Napoleon Bonaparte had made himself Emperor of France and established control over much of Europe a. Britain was under constant threat of __________ until the British fleet destroyed the French Navy at the Battle of Trafalgar (1805) b. Britain continued to help liberate others from French control c. 1815 the Battle of Waterloo was the final defeat of Napoleon and Britain’s war with France II. Cultural Influences A. The Downside of Industry 1. The Industrial Revolution and improvements in farming brought _____________ prosperity to middle/upper class but degrading poverty to families employed by the factories a. Working conditions were appalling—no laws regulated factory safety, worker hours, low wages and child labor b. Government did not believe in intervening c. Riots broke out against unfair treatment but government did nothing to solve problems 2. Post War Problems a. Unemployment swelled as veterans returned home b. ________ Law (any grain) was passed taxing imported grain—keeping food prices too high for the poor c. Factory works wanted to join together to better working conditions (this looked down upon by the government III. Romantic Literature A. The Revolt Against Neoclassicism 1. English romantics revolted against the order and the traditionalism of neoclassicism a. They were influenced by the same forces of ________ as the American and French revolutions by the agitation for change. b. The valued emotion over reason, nature, and the common place c. The popularized lyric poems—emphasis on experiences, thoughts, feelings and desires B. Romanticism Evolves 1. The publication of Lyrical Ballads launched the Romantic period 2. Romanticism _________ the individual, emotion, nature, the common place and the imagination C. The Late Romantics 1. A new generation of romantic poets flourished during the Regency (the time period in which George III’s son took over for him before his death) 2. The Byronic hero—dark, handsome, restless, brooding, diabolical—became a literary staple