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Transcript
Learning English with CBC
Listening Lessons for Intermediate Students
Based on CBC Manitoba Radio Broadcasts
June 3, 2011
Lesson 69: Self Study Edition
Level:
CLB 6 and up
Topic:
Talking about Mental Health and Mental Illness
Language Skills and Functions:
Listening – listening to a short interview for detail
Speaking – expressing concern
Reading – reading and answering a questionnaire;
scanning a poster for detail
Writing
– making notes
Language Competencies:
Language Tasks:
Vocabulary, Pronunciation, Listening and Speaking
Strategies, Socio-cultural/sociolinguistic Competence
Answer questions about how different countries approach mental health
and mental illness
Listen for detail in a radio interview with a young woman who
experiences anxiety and panic attacks
Answer questions about mental health
Calculate your personal stress level by completing a questionnaire about
life events
Scan a poster about Klinic’s drop-in counselling program and answer
detail questions
Speak to a friend who seems depressed using language to express
concern
Essential Skills: Reading text, numeracy, oral communication, writing
Appendices: Transcript of the podcast
Poster for Klinic Drop-in Counselling Program
Answers to Worksheets
Manitoba Memo
Even though most cultures don’t talk about it easily, mental health is as important as
physical health. Good mental health allows people to enjoy their life and cope with life’s ups
and downs. Mental illness or mental disorders seriously affect a person’s thoughts,
emotions and behaviour. They make functioning in everyday life more difficult or even
impossible. Studies show that mental illness is more common than we think. In Canada,
twenty percent of the population will experience a mental illness at some point in their lives.
The good news is that mental illness is treatable. The vast majority of people with mental
illness do get better and resume a normal life.
Mental health and mental illness are culturally relative. That means that how we understand
perceptions of both are deeply related to our culture. As one expert described it, mental
illness is a “…window on a culture’s sources of distress and on the human consequences of
such distress.” 1 Not surprising, immigrants and refugees often face multiple layers of
cultural distress - in their home country, while migrating and in their new country.
Different cultures use different expressions to talk about mental illness and about how it
affects how they feel. Culture often dictates what symptoms people see as “normal” or
“abnormal” and the kinds of treatment or services which are acceptable to them. Language
also plays a role. For example, the word “blue” in English is not only a colour, it is used to
describe feelings of sadness or depression. Other languages also have many different
words for depression.
There are many different cultural beliefs about mental illness. For example, some cultures
believe:





it is caused by the evil eye, by a curse or by supernatural forces;
certain mental disorders, like schizophrenia, give people special powers or insight;
it brings shame and disgrace to the family;
those who suffer from mental illness should be isolated and left alone;
some forms of treatment are more acceptable than others, for example, counselling
may be acceptable but there may be stigma attached to seeing a psychiatrist;
 it is caused by certain foods, or by an imbalance of mind and body (yin and yang);
 it should never be discussed – the topic is strictly taboo;
 mental distress is expressed through physical symptoms and if you cure the body,
you’ll cure the mind.
Cultural differences in the perception and treatment of mental illness sometimes collide with
the Western World’s medical model. As a result, symptoms may be missed and treatments
may be less effective.
The Canadian Mental Health Association, Immigrant and Refugee Organizations and mental
health care providers have been working hard to adapt information and treatment in mental
health so that cultural differences are taken into account. Talking about mental health and
understanding why mental health is important is the first step.
1
Kleinman, A. & Coven, A. “Psychiatry’s Global Challenge.” Scientific American, 276(3), 86-89.
Self Study: Talking about Mental Health and Mental Illness
Learning English with CBC
Page 2 of 20
Background
1. How would you answer the following questions?

In your country, do people talk openly about mental health and mental illness? Or is
the topic taboo, something that people avoid discussing or try to hide from others?

How are people with mental illness treated in your country? Are they ever
stigmatized or isolated?

How is mental illness identified? What kind of help is available? Are there self-help
groups or organizations? Counsellors? Psychiatrists? Are services easy to find?
Is medication routinely prescribed?

When immigrants first arrive in Canada, studies have shown that they have fewer
mental health problems than the average Canadian. But over time, they experience
a level of mental health problems similar to other Canadians. What do you think are
some of the factors which affect the mental health of immigrants after they arrive?

If you were to share one piece of advice on how best to talk with or treat someone
from your own culture who is facing a mental health issue, what advice would you
give?
2. Vocabulary definitions
Here are some words you need to know to understand the CBC interview.
physical health
If your physical health is good, it means your body is
healthy. You are not ill or unwell.
mental health
If your mental health is good, it means your mind is
healthy. You are able to cope with life’s ups and
downs. You do not suffer from mental illness.
the Canadian Mental Health
Association (CMHA)
The CMHA is a charitable organization which
promotes mental health and supports people who are
experiencing mental illness.
to break a taboo
When something is described as “taboo”, people
avoid talking about it or doing it because they are
worried it could seem embarrassing or offensive. A
taboo is broken when people decide to talk about the
topic or take part in an activity they used to avoid.
to submit something
If you submit something you have written, you hand it
in or to send it to someone. For example: Martin
submitted the article he wrote on cross cultural
issues to the editor of the school paper and to an online Journal.
Self Study: Talking about Mental Health and Mental Illness
Learning English with CBC
Page 3 of 20
to be anxious/to have anxiety
When someone is anxious or experiencing feelings of
anxiety, they are worried or nervous about something.
a panic attack
A panic attack happens when someone is
experiencing severe anxiety. They may have
physical symptoms like shortness of breath and they
may not be able to think or act sensibly during the
attack.
to feel tension
Tension is a nervous, worried feeling which makes it
difficult or impossible for your body to relax. For
example, you may get a tension headache and your
muscles may become very tight.
symptoms
Symptoms are things that are wrong with your body
or mind. They are signs which may indicate an
illness.
to wrap your head around
This is an idiom which means you are trying to
understand something or figure out the reasons why
something happened. For example: Sam tried to
wrap her head around her new schedule so she
could figure out where to find her first class. She had
never seen a schedule as complicated as this one
before.
to be normal
When something is normal, it’s usual or expected. In
psychological terms, normal also means that you
have a sound, healthy mind.
to be super down
This slang expression means that someone is feeling
very depressed or really sad.
to put on a different face
This idiom is used when someone tries to mask or
hide how they are really feeling. For example, you
are putting on a different face if you are feeling very
sad inside, but when people look at you, they see
someone who is smiling and seems happy.
to be open about something
If you are open about a topic or a problem, you are
willing to talk about it. You are not trying to hide
your feelings or opinions.
to be shy
A shy person is someone who is nervous about
speaking to others, especially to people they don’t
know.
to be nervous
If you are nervous, you are worried or frightened
about something. You are unable to relax.
Self Study: Talking about Mental Health and Mental Illness
Learning English with CBC
Page 4 of 20
3. Predict what the podcast is about
In this interview, Marcy Markusa interviews Eden Jamieson about her experience with
mental illness. Eden is only nineteen, but she has suffered from anxiety and panic
attacks for many years. Can you predict why Eden has decided to tell Marcy and radio
listeners about her experience?
Here are a few examples:
I think she is talking about her experience… because talking about it makes
her feel better.
Maybe she thought that sharing her own experience…would help others who
have anxiety disorders.
Perhaps she’s sharing her experience...so others can learn from what she has
been through.
I wonder if she’s hoping to break the taboo…about talking about mental illness.
I have no idea why she would want to share her experience.
4. Get ready to listen
In this podcast, you will hear two speakers. You will hear:
Marcy Markusa – host and interviewer
Eden Jamieson – guest
Play the podcast for the first time.
After you Listen
a) Review your pre-listening predictions
Were you able to predict some of the reasons why Eden decided to talk about her
experience with mental illness?
Self Study: Talking about Mental Health and Mental Illness
Learning English with CBC
Page 5 of 20
b) Listen for detail
Sometimes when we listen, we are listening for main ideas and detail. One way to remember
the details about what we hear is to take notes. Taking notes helps us pay closer attention as
we listen. It also helps us remember to listen for stressed words and important information.
Remember, we don’t need to hear or understand every word to get the gist of what is being
said.
Good notes may be one word, a phrase or a short sentence. They are usually written in point
form. Practice writing notes as you listen to the interview between Marcy Markusa and Eden
Jamieson. Use the outline and examples below to get started.
1. This interview is about…
 mental illness
2. The person being interviewed is…
 Eden
 19 years old
3. Eden first had symptoms of mental illness when…

4. Her symptoms included…



5. She initially tried to hide her symptoms from others because…


6. Eden has decided to tell her story because…


Bonus question: When might you need to take notes in everyday life? One example is during
a training course at work. What other examples can you think of?
Self Study: Talking about Mental Health and Mental Illness
Learning English with CBC
Page 6 of 20
c) Answer questions about mental health
What do you know about mental health, mental illness and some of the more common types
of mental disorders? Read the following questions and choose the answer you feel best
answers each question.
1. If your mental health is good, this means:
a) you are always content and happy
b) you have good coping skills and you are able to balance the different parts of your life
c) you rarely get physically ill
2. Mental illness is:
a) a type of illness that is very rare
b) many different illnesses or disorders that affect the mind
c) when you have a bad day
3. Mental illness affects:
a) twenty percent of Canadians at some time in their lives
b) less than five percent of Canadians
4. Who is most likely to experience mental illness/a mental disorder?
a) the poor and uneducated
b) people who work in stressful jobs
c) anyone can be affected
5. Mental illness is caused by:
a) personal weakness or frailty
b) your genes – you always get it from your parents
c) no one specific thing
6. Are people with mental illness likely to be violent?
a) Yes, and they often put the general public at risk
b) No, people with mental illness are more likely to be victims of violence than be violent
themselves
7. If someone asks you if you are feeling blue, they are asking:
a) if you are short of breath
b) if you are feeling sad or depressed
c) if you are frightened
Self Study: Talking about Mental Health and Mental Illness
Learning English with CBC
Page 7 of 20
8. Postpartum depression is:
a) the lack of sleep a mother experiences after a baby is born
b) a severe depression that affects some new mothers and can last for months after a
baby is born
9. Match the following types of mental illnesses with their description. The first one
is completed for you as an example. Look for clues in the descriptions.
Type of Mental Illness or Disorder
c
Mood Disorder
___ Anxiety Disorder
___ Eating Disorder
___ Attention Deficit Disorder
___ Schizophrenia
___ Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
___ Seasonal Affective Disorder
Descriptions
a) an inability to focus your attention on something; affects both children and adults
b) an inability to decide what is real and what isn’t real; difficulty thinking, speaking and
interacting with others; likely to have psychotic episodes
c) a sharp or significant change in mood and emotion; depression and bipolar disorder are
examples
d) a type of depression that often occurs in winter, or in seasons with less sunshine
e) intense unhappiness with your weight or how your body looks which leads to eating and
dieting habits that can be life-threatening; bulimia and anorexia are examples
f) a high level of anxiety about situations others would consider normal; this is the most
common mental disorder people experience
g) a disorder resulting from the trauma of an unexpected or terrible event in your life; your
mind keeps experiencing this trauma over and over
Self Study: Talking about Mental Health and Mental Illness
Learning English with CBC
Page 8 of 20
d) Calculate your personal stress level
Stress comes from both the good things and bad things that happen to us. Stress becomes a
problem if we aren’t sure how to handle an event or situation. We may become worried and
increasingly anxious. Stress is cumulative. One stressful event on top of another or more than
one event at the same time can greatly increase the level of stress we feel. We all need to find
ways to deal with increased stress levels. If we don’t, we risk becoming physically or mentally
ill.
Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed the stress scale2 on the next two pages by
listing common stressful events in our lives and assigning each one a value or stress level. To
use this scale, you add up the values for all of the listed life events that have happened to you
within the 12 months. If a particular event has happened to you more than once in that time
period, you multiply the value by the number of occurrences.
Here is an example which uses three life events you will find on the scale.
If you have had a personal injury or illness, two close family members have died, and you did
not get married during in the past 12 months, your stress level for these items would look like
this:
Life Event
Points Number of
per
times in 12
one
months
event
Personal injury or illness
53
53 x 1 = 53
53
Death of close family member
63
63 x 2=126
126
Marriage
50
none
Total score for these three items
Total
points
0
179
Your Task
Now it’s your turn. Read through the list of life events. If you have experienced the event once
or more than once in the past twelve months, write down/calculate your score for that event. If
you haven’t experienced the event, write “0”.
When you are finished, add up the totals for Part A and Part B to get your personal total.
2
The scale and rating system is from the following website: www.emotionalcompetency.com/srrs.htm
Self Study: Talking about Mental Health and Mental Illness
Learning English with CBC
Page 9 of 20
Part A
Value
Life Event
Points Number of
per
times in 12
event months
Death of Spouse
100
Divorce
73
Marital separation
65
Jail term
63
Death of close family member
63
Personal injury or illness
53
Marriage
50
Fired at work
47
Marital reconciliation
45
Retirement
45
Change in health of family member
44
Pregnancy
40
Sex difficulties
39
Gain of new family member
39
Business readjustment
39
Change in financial state
38
Death of close friend
37
Change to a different line of work
36
Change in number of arguments with spouse
35
Home Mortgage over $100,000
31
Foreclosure or mortgage or loan
30
Change in responsibilities at work
29
Son or daughter leaving home
29
Trouble with in-laws
29
Outstanding personal achievement
28
Spouse begins or stops work
26
Total
points
Total points, Part A
Self Study: Talking about Mental Health and Mental Illness
Learning English with CBC
Page 10 of 20
Part B
Life Event
Points Number of
per
times in 12
event months
Begin or end school
26
Change in living conditions
25
Revision of personal habits
24
Trouble with boss
23
Change in work hours or conditions
20
Change in residence
20
Change in schools
20
Change in recreation
19
Change in church or faith activities
19
Change in social activities
18
Mortgage or loan of less than $100,000
17
Change in sleeping habits
16
Change in number of family get-togethers
15
Change in eating habits
15
Single person living alone
**
Other- describe
**
Total
points
Total points, Part B
Write total points from Part A here
Total points, A and B
** For the last two items, the scale asks you to estimate their importance. When you compare
them to other events on the scale, how many points should they be worth?
For example, if you live alone, is that more stressful than changing schools? Less stressful
than divorce? How many points do you think this item is worth when compared to others on
the list?
Is there an event that has happened to you in the past year that is not on the list which you
found very stressful? How would you rate the importance of this event? You can write in this
item and decide how many points it should receive.
Self Study: Talking about Mental Health and Mental Illness
Learning English with CBC
Page 11 of 20
What Does Your Total Score Mean?
The authors say that it is very difficult to interpret people’s scores because we all cope with
stressful situations differently and our situations vary greatly. In addition, some people have
greater access to resources to help them deal with stress. However, the authors suggest using
the following guidelines to interpret your score:
 A total of 150 points or less is good, suggesting a low level of stress in your life and
a low probability of developing a stress-related disorder.
 If your score is 150 to 299, you have a fifty percent chance of getting sick in the near
future.
 If your score is 300 or more, you have an almost 80% chance of getting sick in the
near future.
Self Study: Talking about Mental Health and Mental Illness
Learning English with CBC
Page 12 of 20
e) Scan a poster on a community counselling drop-in program for information
Klinic is a community health centre located in Winnipeg. One of the services they offer is dropin counselling. The service typically provides one counselling session but it can provide up to
six sessions. Problems are discussed and counsellors offer advice, as well as referrals, to
other community resources.
The poster in Appendix 2 provides some additional information on the program. Scan the
poster. Can you find the information you need to answer the following detail questions?
1.
Klinic drop-in counselling is available to anyone over 13 years of
age.
True False
2.
Klinic drop-in counselling is available across the province.
True False
3.
No appointment is needed. People are seen on a first come, first
seen basis.
True False
4.
Drop-in counselling is available five days a week at two locations in
Winnipeg.
True False
5.
The program at 845 Regent is open Saturday afternoons.
True False
6.
Klinic drop-in counselling is free.
True False
7.
Any problem you may have can be discussed with the counsellor.
True False
8.
People are limited to one counselling session only.
True False
9.
Before going to the drop-in location, you should call or check the
Klinic website to confirm dates and hours of operation.
True False
10. If you work until 5 p.m., you could drop-in on Monday, Tuesday or
Wednesday at the Broadway location.
Self Study: Talking about Mental Health and Mental Illness
Learning English with CBC
True False
Page 13 of 20
f) Use language to express concern
We all experience occasional blue moods or days when we don’t cope particularly well. But
sometimes, people experience sadness that doesn’t go away. They stop enjoying things they
once enjoyed, they may sleep poorly, lose weight, stop going out and/or have low energy
levels.
Depression can be treated and people do get better. Often, that process begins when friends
or family members notice changes in someone, talk with them about how they are feeling, and
offer their support.
How do we start a conversation with someone we think may be depressed? What should we
say? Are there things we should avoid saying? Here are some ideas.
How to start…
I have been feeling
concerned about you lately.
Are you okay?
You might ask…
When did you start feeling
like this?
You could offer help…
Remember, if you need
anything, I’m here.
Recently, I’ve noticed that
you’re not yourself. How
are you doing?
Did something happen that
made you feel this way?
Let me know what I can do
to help.
You’ve seemed a little down
lately. I’m worried about
you.
Have you thought about
seeing a counsellor?
Depression is pretty
common. Lots of people deal
with it. Would you like me
to help you find a
counsellor?
It’s important to try to get the person talking. But be sure you don’t say anything that gives the
impression you think they can choose not to be depressed. Depression isn’t a choice. People
generally can’t “snap out of it”, no matter how hard they try. Here are some things you should
avoid.
Don’t say…
It’s all in your head.
Snap out of it.
Look on the bright side for once in your life.
What’s wrong with you? Why can’t you be happy?
You’ve got so much going for you, you have no excuse to be unhappy.
Your Task
Can role play a dialogue based on the scenario which follows? Use the information you have
learned in this lesson to help you. Ask a friend to do the role play with you, or play both parts.
Self Study: Talking about Mental Health and Mental Illness
Learning English with CBC
Page 14 of 20
Scenario
Gina has noticed that Ilona is not coming to class regularly. She looks tired. Gina thinks
she’s also losing weight. Their friend Aleksei is also concerned. He and Ilona used to
volunteer together at the Food Bank, but she has stopped coming. Her friends think
Ilona hasn’t been herself for several weeks and they are worried about her. Gina has
volunteered to talk with her.
Ilona is feeling depressed. She has been unable to find a job in her field. Her mother,
who still lives in her home country, is very ill. Ilona can’t afford to travel to see her.
She’s having difficulty focusing on her studies and doesn’t feel like going out much.
Gina: ____________________________________________________________________
(Begins the conversation by expressing her concern to Ilona)
Ilona: ____________________________________________________________________
(Explains how she is feeling and why)
Gina: ____________________________________________________________________
(Asks a follow-up questions)
Ilona: ____________________________________________________________________
(Answers the question)
Gina: ____________________________________________________________________
(Asks Ilona if she has thought about getting help)
Ilona: ____________________________________________________________________
(Says she has thought about it, but doesn’t know where to find help)
Gina: ____________________________________________________________________
(Recommends Klinic drop-in counselling and offers to find out more information)
Ilona: ____________________________________________________________________
(Thanks her friend for her help)
Self Study: Talking about Mental Health and Mental Illness
Learning English with CBC
Page 15 of 20
Want to know more…
Much of the background for this lesson, including content for the questionnaire on
mental health, came from the Canadian Mental Health Association website. You can
find it at: www.cmha.ca/bins/index.asp
Their Manitoba website is: www.manitoba.cmha.ca/bins/site2.asp?cid=284-683&lang=1
You can find brochures on some mental health topics in different languages at:
www.cmha-edmonton.ab.ca/bins/content_page.asp?cid=4-42-211
The website of the Mood Disorders Association of Manitoba is:
www.depression.mb.ca/
Klinic Community Health Centre’s website is: www.klinic.mb.ca/
This website helps you identify symptoms of common mood disorders so you can get
help if you need it. You can also learn more about mood disorders and find resources to
help yourself, your family members, or friends. Go to:
checkupfromtheneckup.ca/resources.html
Mind Your Mind is a website targeted at youth and young adults. It has information,
resources and tools to help during tough and stressful times. Go to: mindyourmind.ca/
The information on cultural differences in the Manitoba Memo is from the CMHA Journal
B.C. Visions, Number 9, Winter 2000: www.cmha.bc.ca/files/09.pdf
The Manitoba government’s website lists mental health services by region:
www.gov.mb.ca/health/mh/region.html
Province-wide crisis lines which deal with mental health concerns:
Klinic Crisis Line: (204)786-8686 (Winnipeg line); 1-888-322-3019 (toll free line)
Manitoba Suicide Line: 1-877-435-7170 (toll free line)
Kids Help Phone: 1-800-668-6868 (national toll free line available to Manitoba Youth)
CBC does not endorse and is not responsible for the content of external websites
Self Study: Talking about Mental Health and Mental Illness
Learning English with CBC
Page 16 of 20
Appendix 1: Transcript3
April 21, 2011(broadcast date)
Speaker
Podcast
Line
Marcy
Hi I'm Marcy Markusa and you're listening to Learning English
with CBC. Why is it that people are so much more willing to
talk about their physical health than their mental health? The
Canadian Mental Health Association is trying to break the
taboo about talking about mental health with a campaign called
5
Join the Conversation. In this interview, I speak with nineteen
year old Eden Jamieson, who submitted her own personal
story to the Association’s Facebook page.
Marcy
Good morning Eden.
Eden
Hi, good morning.
Marcy
So tell us ah about your own experience dealing with your own
10
mental health.
Eden
Alright, well ah, it started at a very young age, I um have been
anxious and dealt with anxiety pretty much all my life. I’ve had
panic attacks and um it was really hard to deal with.
Marcy
15
What would it feel like? Like was it, do you remember the
feeling physically or do you remember how often you’d feel
anxious?
Eden
I would just feel so sick to my stomach like very single night.
Like as soon as it got dark I would just feel so sick and I’d be
20
so worried that ah someone was gonna come and hurt my
family and ah like a tension all in my stomach, y’know my
breathing, it would get hard and now, as I got get older, I
realize those are your symptoms for a panic attack and for
really bad anxiety so…
25
3
You can hear the full interview as an Information Radio podcast: www.cbc.ca/podcasting/pastpodcasts.html?56#ref56, "Join
The Conversation - Breaking the Taboo on Talking about Mental Health"
Self Study: Talking about Mental Health and Mental Illness
Learning English with CBC
Page 17 of 20
Marcy
I read in part of your story that it was hard for people to wrap
their heads around because you weren’t ah walking around
sad all the time.
Eden
Ya, for sure, um at home, y’know I could be super sad one day
and I didn’t want people to know because, y’know, it’s not
30
normal for people to come to school and just be not feeling
good and being super down, so I learnt kinda to be different in
public and y’know, put a different face on it, kind of and...
Marcy
Just ah why did you want to talk about this publicly on this
website?
Eden
35
I think it’s just so important to raise awareness and y’know, be
open about mental health um I’m not shy about it at all, if
anyone wants to talk to me about it, if anyone, y’know, has any
questions like, I am so open talk about it I think it’s so important
because I’ve seen it, y’know, people get really nervous about it, 40
people get super like nervous to talk about it and I just think it’s
really important that we’re open to talk about it.
Self Study: Talking about Mental Health and Mental Illness
Learning English with CBC
Page 18 of 20
Appendix 2: Klinic Community Drop-in Counselling Program Poster
08
Klinic Community
Drop-In
Counselling Program
Drop-In Counselling is currently offered at the
following locations:
Klinic on Broadway
545 Broadway Ave.
(One block west of Osborne St.)
Monday & Wednesday 12-7p.m.
&
Tuesday, Friday & Saturday 12-4p.m.
Transcona
845 Regent Ave. West.
ACCESS Transcona
Tuesday 12-7p.m.
This is a no charge; first come first seen counselling service for anyone
(ages 13+) experiencing any problem. This includes a one-time and short
term counselling service
Contact the Drop-In information line @ 784-4067 for current times, locations and any change in
hours, or visit our website at www.klinic.mb.ca
Self Study: Talking about Mental Health and Mental Illness
Learning English with CBC
Page 19 of 20
Answers to Worksheets
Listen for Detail
(answers will vary)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
mental illness
Eden; 19 years old
she was very young
anxiety; panic attacks; difficulty breathing; sick stomach
it wasn’t normal; she didn’t want people to know
she wants to raise awareness; it’s important to talk about mental illness
What’s Your Mental Health IQ?
1. b
2. b
3. a
4. c
5. c
6. b
7. b
8. b
9. c; f; e; a; b; g; d
Scan a Poster for Information
1. T
2. F
3. T
4. F
5. F
6. T
7. T
8. F
9. T
10. F
Self Study: Talking about Mental Health and Mental Illness
Learning English with CBC
Page 20 of 20