Download Chapter 32 - Mr. Krall

Chapter 32
Name ___________________________
1.
In most Cnidarians, fertilized eggs give rise to free-swimming, multicellular, ciliated larvae, known as
P____________________.
2.
An animal discovered by scientists is clearly multicellular showing what appears to be radial symmetry but
does not have cells organized into tissues. This animal is placed in the group P_____________________.
3.
New rRNA phylogenies differ most from the traditional phylogenies in the
P____________________________________ branch of the family tree.
4.
A major evolutionary innovation found in C__________________________________ is the internal
extracellular digestion of food.
5.
Cnidarians characteristically possess specialized cells called cnidocytes, which contain a
N____________________________, a harpoon used to attack prey.
6.
Many A__________________________________ which live in shallow waters harbor symbiotic algae.
7.
Most flatworms are H______________________________________, meaning each individual containing
both male and female sexual structures.
8.
The most primitive bilaterally symmetrical and the simplest acoelomatic animals in which organs occur are
the F__________________________________________.
9.
A protostome coelomate organism which increases in size by molting the external skeleton is placed in the
Ecd___________________ clade according to rRNA sequences.
10. The most prominent phylum of acoelomates, P_________________________________________, includes
the free-living flatworms and the parasitic flukes and tapeworms.
11. R__________________________________ are small, free-living pseudocoelomates, often smaller than
some ciliate protists.
12. _______ Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Lophotrochozoans clade which is based on
rRNA sequences?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
protostomes
growth by adding mass to existing body
appearance of free-living trocophore larvae in many of the organisms’ life cycles
mainly aquatic
pseudocoelomate
13. _______ Two phyla which belong to the Ecdysozoan clade are
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Platyhelminthes and Nematoda
Nematoda and Arthropoda
Annelida and Mollusca
Mollusca and Arthropoda
Platyhelminthes and Arthropoda
14. _______ Sponges are unique in possessing special flagellated cells whose beating drives water through the
body cavity. These specialized cells are known as
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
cnidocytes
planulae
nematocysts
chaonocytes
spicules
15. _______ Radially symmetrical marine animals that propel themselves through the water by means of eight
comb-like plates of fused cilia belong to the Phylum
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Cnidaria
Ctenophora
Platyhelminthes
Eumetazoan
Parazoa
16. _______ Most species of tapeworms live in the
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
stomachs of vertebrates
lungs of vertebrates
livers of vertebrates
intestines of vertebrates
hearts of vertebrates
17. _______ Which of the following is not one of the key transitions in body design that are responsible for
most of the differences among the major animal phyla?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
nonmoving to moving bodies
radial to bilateral symmetry
no body cavity to body cavity
unsegmented to segmented bodies
protostome to deuterostome development
18. _______ Sponges exhibit all of the following general characteristics except
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
eat by flow of water through canals and pores
free-swimming larvae; sessile adults
lack of specialized tissues and organs
lack of symmetry (may be radial in small species)
three cell layers—ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm
19. _______ The vase-like body of a simple sponge is likely to contain all of the following materials or layers
except
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
a digestive cavity lined with enzyme-secreting cells
mesophyl, a protein-rich matrix
a somewhat contractile outer epithelium
specialized collar cells or choanocytes
spicules or a spongin skeleton, or both
20. _______ All of the following are true about Cnidarians except
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
they are widespread and abundant especially in shallow, warm-temperature or subtropical waters
they are basically gelatinous in composition
their bodies are made up of distinct organs
they exist either as polyps or medusae
they contain specialized cells called “cnidocytes” within which nematocysts are found
21. _______ Which of the following belongs to the phylum Ctenophorans?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
hydra
jellyfish
anemones
comb jellies
corals
22. _______ Anthozoan corals are characterized by all of the following except
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
some may have hard calcium carbonate exoskeletons
the coral animals are always found in nutrient-rich waters
some participate in the formation of shallow-water limestone ridges
many harbor symbiotic algae
they are a class of Cnidarians
23. _______ Phylum Platyhelminthes is characterized by all of the following except
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
bilateral symmetry
solid bodies with an inner digestive cavity
flat ribbon-shaped bodies with dorso-ventral parts and anterior head
all are free-living
possess an excretory system
24. _______ Flatworms are similar to sponges, Cnidarians, and Ctenophores in which of the following?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
contain an excretory system lined with a network of fine tubules running through the
contain an incomplete gut with only one opening
cilia line the hollow centers of bulb-like flame cells
lack circulatory systems for transport of oxygen and food
most are hermaphroditic
25. _______ Flukes are parasitic worms whose hosts during the larval stage are usually
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
aquatic insects
cyprinid fishes
humans
other free-living flatworms
snails
body
26. _______ The stage in the fluke's life history in which it escapes from the snail and is ready to enter the
intermediate or final host is the
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
cercariae
fertilized eggs
miracidia
rediae
sporocytes
27. _______ Schistosomiasis is a serious disorder afflicting humans mainly in tropical regions; it is caused by
a
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
carp or goldfish
fluke
nematode
snail
tapeworm
28. _______ The long, flat bodies of tapeworms are made up of repeating segments known as
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
antheridia
gut blocks
proglottids
scolex
miracidia
29. _______ Which of the following is not true about beef tapeworms?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
occur as a juvenile in the intermuscular tissue of cattle
found as an adult in the intestines of human beings
able to produce embryos, which may be viable for up to five months
able to reach adult length of up to 10 meters
more than 10% of the cattle are infected in the United States
30. _______ Which of the following is not true about pseudocoelomates?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
they possess an internal body cavity called a pseudocoel
they contain a bony skeleton
they possess a complete, one-way digestive tract
the pseudocoel permits resistance to muscle contraction
they lack a defined circulatory system