Download Chapter 2

Chapter 22
The Diversity
of Life
(V) Kingdom Animalia
9 Major Phyla:
•Multicellular
•Ingests food
http://home.teleport.com/~amobb/biology/animals.html
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/index.html
(V) Kingdom Animalia
(V) Kingdom Animalia
(V) Kingdom Animalia
22.1 Overview of the Animal Kingdom
Animals are defined by these characteristics:
1. Are multicellular (diploid) with tissues arranged into organs and organ
systems.
2.
Are aerobic and heterotrophic.
3.
Reproduce sexually, and in some cases asexually, or both.
4.
Most are motile during at least part of their life cycle.
5.
Life cycles include a period of:
embryonic development;
germ tissue layers
(ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm)
6. Are Vertebrates or Invertebrates
22.1 Overview of the Animal Kingdom
Your Turn to teach
•
•
•
•
•
Body Plans
Type of Gut
Tissue layers
Body Cavities
Segmentation
• Phylum Characteristics
– Structurally
• Numbers of Species
• Etc
Body Symmetry
Body Symmetry - the body plan of an animal, how its parts are arranged
Body Symmetry
Body Symmetry - the body plan of an
animal, how its parts are arranged
1. Asymmetry (sym =with, together, metry = measure) no pattern ,no
central axis
2. Radial symmetry (radia = spoke, radius;) do have distinct top and
bottom sides, but have no distinct left and right.
3. Bilateral symmetry (bi = two; later = side) do have distinct left and right
sides,
Symmetry
Positional terminology
•
•
•
•
anterior - toward the head
posterior - toward the tail
dorsal - back side
ventral - belly side
Blastopore
One way Digestive System
Speciation
P
o
p
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
Speciation
Invertebrates
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Sponges
Cnidarians -Coelenterates
Flatworms - Platyhelminthes
Annelids–Segments Galore
Mollusks, classes?
Roundworms - Nematods
Arthropods—The Most Successful Animals
• Crustaceans
• Spiders
• Insects
8. Echinoderms
Vertebrates
• Chordates
P
o
p
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
Porifera
•Sponges
•Simplest of all animals
•No true organ systems
•8000 sp.
•Sessile
•Filter feeders
•Asexual and sexually
reproduction
Phylum: Cnidarians (Coelenterates)
• 11,000 sp.
• Two cell layers thick
• Hollow body cavity with one
opening.
• Ex: Hydra, coral
Jellyfish, anemone,
Portuguese man of war
Phylum: Cnidarians (Coelenterates)
Phylum: Cnidarians (Coelenterates)
Jellyfish
Sea anemone, hydra
Coral,
Platyhelminthes, (flatworms)
• 15,000 sp.
• Flatworms, tapeworms, flukes
• Bi-laterally symmetrical
• 3 layers
(ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm,)
• Have distinct functioning systems.
• Motile
• Mostly parasitic
• Predominantly hermaphroditic
• Primitive gut or gut absent
• Asexual and Hermaphrodites
Platyhelminthes, (flatworms)
Platyhelminthes, (flatworms)
http://www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/science/zoology/faculty/horn/b101/lectures/animdiv3/
Phylum: Nematoda, (roundworms)
Phylum: Nematoda, (roundworms)
•20,000 sp.
•Roundworms, Trichnosis
•Round unsegmented worms
•Parasitic
•Has a complex life cycle
Nematodes Life Cycle
Introduction
to
.
Arthropods
. . . the REAL rulers of the Earth
Introduction to
Arthropods
. . . the REAL rulers of the Earth.
•
•
•
•
Segmented body
Jointed appendages (legs)
Exoskeleton (chitin)
Ex: Grasshopper
Spiders
Lobster, Shrimp,
Barnacles
Major Classes
Crustaceans
Insecta
Arachnida
Chilipoda
Diploda
Barnacles
“Ouchies”
Annelids, Ex: Earthworm
Leech, sandworm marine worm
• Worms with segmented
bodies.
• Openings at both ends.
•One digestive System
•Thin flexible cuticle covering the
body allowing for flexible movement
and gas exchange,
•setae allow movement,
4pr/segment .
•Approximately
15, 000 species
•Hermaphrodites and separate sexes
Earthworms
Phylum Mollusks
•soft bodied animals,
•generally enclosed in a hard, protective shell.
•The shell maybe one unit, two hinged together or even eight in a row
•In most species this mantle covers and shelters its gills.
•The body plan of a Mollusca is divided into:
• the head
•strong muscular foot
•visceral mass. organ systems are well developed
•Mollusks are also unique because of their specialized tongue called radulla.
Phylum Mollusks
•
•
•
•
Gastropod: snails, slugs, nudibranch
Chitons: chiton
Bivalves: oysters, clams
Cephalopod: Squid octopus,
Examples
Phylum Echinoderms
(Spiny / skin)
all starfish, sea urchins, sand dollar, sea cucumber
sea cucumber
Brittle star
Sea Biscuit
Sand $
Phylum Echinoderms
•7000 species, 15000 including fossil records
•calcareous endoskeleton composed of separate plates
•radial symmetry
•water vascular system ("tube feet")
•decentralized nervous system
•Regenerative, sexual and asexual
•gut complete
•Marine
Sun Star