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37. Differentiate Oceanic and Continental
Crust in four ways.
Characteristic Oceanic
Continental
Composition Basalt
Granite
Thickness
20-50 km
8 km
Density
Higher
Lower
Age
Newer
Older
38. Differentiate between the different layers
of the Earth w.r.t. density, temperature,
thickness and composition.
Thickness
Temp. Composition Density
Crust
5-50
solid rock
Lowest
km
Mantle
Lithosphere
100
Solid Rock
km
Asthenosphere 300
Fluid Rock
km
Mesosphere
2900 Solid Rock
km
Outer Core
2300 Liquid Fe &
Inner Core
km
1200
km
Ni
Solid Fe &
Ni
Highest
39. What is the Moho? It is the boundary
between the crust and mantle.
40. Why can’t we visit the center of the
Earth, and how do we know all of this “stuff”
without having been there? The center of
the Earth is too hot and too high of a
pressure. We know about the inside of the
Earth because of Seismological Studies.
41. Why is it so hot in the middle of the
Earth? Left over heat from the formation of
the solar system and natural radioactive
decay
42. What layers (exactly) of the Earth
comprise the lithosphere? All of the crust
and the uppermost solid part of the mantle.
43. What makes some parts of the Earth
solid even though they’re at higher
temperatures than the neighboring layers?
Intense Pressure allows materials at higher
temperatures to exist as a solid.
44. Draw a picture of a convection current
and label what is happening to the molecules
as they rise and fall. As the mantle is heated
by the core, the molecules move apart and it
becomes less dense. Less dense mantle rises.
As the mantle nears the crust, it cools down,
molecules get closer together, the mantle
becomes more dense and it sinks to start the
cycle all over again.
45. Draw a picture of all three types of plate
boundaries. Divergent: spreading apart,
Convergent: coming together, and
Transform: sliding past one another.
46. What four pieces of evidence allowed scientists
to embrace the Theory of Plate Tectonics?
a. Continents fit together like puzzle pieces
b. Climate change on the continent
c. Matching Rock Formations
d. Fossil Evidence
47. What evidence exists at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
to support sea-floor spreading. Magnetic Reversals
48. Match the following features with the plate
boundaries that create them.
Mountain Convergent Cont. to Cont.
Volcano Convergent Cont. to Oceanic
Deep Sea Trenches Convergent Oceanic to Oceanic
Rift Valley Divergent Cont. to Cont.
Earthquake Transform
Mid-Ocean Ridge Divergent Oceanic to Oceanic
Island Arcs Convergent Oceanic to Oceanic
49. What causes continents to move? Convection
currents in the asthenosphere