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37. Differentiate Oceanic and Continental Crust in four ways. Characteristic Oceanic Continental Composition Basalt Granite Thickness 20-50 km 8 km Density Higher Lower Age Newer Older 38. Differentiate between the different layers of the Earth w.r.t. density, temperature, thickness and composition. Thickness Temp. Composition Density Crust 5-50 solid rock Lowest km Mantle Lithosphere 100 Solid Rock km Asthenosphere 300 Fluid Rock km Mesosphere 2900 Solid Rock km Outer Core 2300 Liquid Fe & Inner Core km 1200 km Ni Solid Fe & Ni Highest 39. What is the Moho? It is the boundary between the crust and mantle. 40. Why can’t we visit the center of the Earth, and how do we know all of this “stuff” without having been there? The center of the Earth is too hot and too high of a pressure. We know about the inside of the Earth because of Seismological Studies. 41. Why is it so hot in the middle of the Earth? Left over heat from the formation of the solar system and natural radioactive decay 42. What layers (exactly) of the Earth comprise the lithosphere? All of the crust and the uppermost solid part of the mantle. 43. What makes some parts of the Earth solid even though they’re at higher temperatures than the neighboring layers? Intense Pressure allows materials at higher temperatures to exist as a solid. 44. Draw a picture of a convection current and label what is happening to the molecules as they rise and fall. As the mantle is heated by the core, the molecules move apart and it becomes less dense. Less dense mantle rises. As the mantle nears the crust, it cools down, molecules get closer together, the mantle becomes more dense and it sinks to start the cycle all over again. 45. Draw a picture of all three types of plate boundaries. Divergent: spreading apart, Convergent: coming together, and Transform: sliding past one another. 46. What four pieces of evidence allowed scientists to embrace the Theory of Plate Tectonics? a. Continents fit together like puzzle pieces b. Climate change on the continent c. Matching Rock Formations d. Fossil Evidence 47. What evidence exists at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge to support sea-floor spreading. Magnetic Reversals 48. Match the following features with the plate boundaries that create them. Mountain Convergent Cont. to Cont. Volcano Convergent Cont. to Oceanic Deep Sea Trenches Convergent Oceanic to Oceanic Rift Valley Divergent Cont. to Cont. Earthquake Transform Mid-Ocean Ridge Divergent Oceanic to Oceanic Island Arcs Convergent Oceanic to Oceanic 49. What causes continents to move? Convection currents in the asthenosphere