Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Lab 18 - Lab Tests and Hypersensitivities 1 Lab 18 - Lab Tests and Hypersensitivities Name_________________ Objectives: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Describe the four types of hypersensitivity or immune disorders. Explain anaphylaxis, the contributing factors and its medical significance. Characterize the cause hay fever and other atopic diseases. Define hemolytic disease of the newborn and explain the cause, effect and means of prevention. Explain the Immune Complex diseases, the important mediators, symptoms and examples. Describe cellular hypersensitivity specifically explain what is meant by infection allergy and contact dermatitis. Describe and perform a pregnancy test as a sample of immunologic lab tests. Perform an ELISA tutorial online and explain the mechanism for ELISA testing. Types of Immune Disorders Hypersensitivity Type Examples Type 1 bee stings penicillin atopic - allergy Anaphylactic Type 2 Cytolytic Type 3 Immune Complex Type 4 Delayed Cellular Hypersensitivity Transfusion reactions Rh reactions Thrombocytopenia Grave's SLE rheumatoid arthritis glomerulo-nephritis dengue *Guillain-Barre Reyes Infection allergy contact dermatitis (formaldehyde, metals, poison ivy and oak Mechanism Symptoms Time for reaction to occur Treatment and notes 2 Lab 18 - Lab Tests and Hypersensitivities 2. Define anaphylaxis using a reaction to a specific allergen known to cause anaphylactic shock. Include the cells involved in the reaction and the methods of treatment. 3.Pregnancy tests are available at many grocery stores today for purchase over the counter (otc), no doctor's order is required. This test uses a urine sample and tests for the presence of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG), a hormone made only by pregnant women or women suffering from a tumor associated with the female reproductive tract. HCG is excreted in the urine each day. An HCG level of less than 5mIU/ml is indicates that there is no pregnancy, levels of 0-5mIU/ml are expected within the first week, and these rise sharply. Days from conception HCG level in mIU/ml 7 days 0 to 5 14 days 3 to 426 21 days 18 to 7,340 28 days 1080 to 56,500 35 - 42 days 7,650 to 229,000 Pregnancy tests detect pregnancy by identifying the presence of HCG in urine. Obviously an early morning specimen that is well concentrated will provide the best concentration of the hormone. The test stick has a filter paper that has been embedded with anti-HCG (created in a mouse, rabbit, or sheep) that has been tagged with alabeled dye that will show up when a bond forms between the HCG and anti-HCG molecules producing a color indicator. Perform the pregnancy test. Describe the mechanism used to indicate the presence or absence of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG). What is the result? Draw a picture of the process that is occurring on the test stick. Lab 18 - Lab Tests and Hypersensitivities 3 4. Go to the University of Arizona Website and go through the ELISA tutorial, then answer the following questions from the web site. http://www.biology.arizona.edu/immunology/activities/elisa/main.html What is the ELISA test intended to measure? Antibody to HIV only Antigen to HIV only Presence of free, circulating virus in the patient Antibodies directed against HLA molecules What would happen if serum were omitted from the ELISA, but all other steps remained the same and were performed properly? Anti-human Ig-conjugate would not bind and be washed away. Anti-human Ig-conjugate would bind non-specifically to the ELISA plate. The O.D. values would be nearly the same as the assay control. Both A and C. From the ELISA data, which patient is seropositive for HIV? Positive Control Negative Control Patient A Patient B Patient C Assay Control 1.689 0.153 O.055 0.412 1.999 0.123 Patient A Patient B Patients B and C Patient C Last Updated 6/28/2017 ©Janet Fulks Lab 18 - Lab Tests and Hypersensitivities 4