Download What Could Go Wrong?

The Immune System
Part 3
What Could Go Wrong?
A. Immune Deficiency Disorder
B. Hypersensitivity Disorder
C. Autoimmune Disorder
D. Immunoproliferative Disorder
Hypersensitivity Reactions
While it is clear that immune responses serve as a
protective and adaptive function, they may also
prove to be damaging to the host tissue.
Hypersensitivity
•Body finds pollen or other substances antigenic
triggering antibody production
•Antigen/antibody complexing occurs on mast cells
•Mast cells release histamines that cause allergies
•Histamines trigger inflammation due to antigen and/or
antibody complexing
Hypersensitivity
Treatment for Allergies
1. Environmental Control
2. Food elimination diet
3. Steroids
4. Antihistamines
5. Immunotherapy
I. Type I- Anaphalactic Reactions (Atopic*)
Allergens
1. Inhaled
2. Ingested- food & drugs
3. Skin Contact
Outcomes (may be localized or generalized)
1. Allergic Rhinitis
2. Asthma
3. Atopic Dermatitis
Treatment (avoidance of allergen)
1. Immunotherapy
2. Antihistamines
3. Corticosteroids
Anaphylaxis (generalized)
1. Signs
2. Examples
a. Drugs (penicillin) reactions
b. Insect bites
c. Treatment
More Atopic Conditions
Condition
Urticaria-angioedema
Commonly Associated Allergens
Insect bites
Food allergies
Gastrointestinal Allergy
Food Allergy (cereals,
milk, eggs, shellfish, fruit)
Drug hypersensitivities
Serum sickness syndrome
Drugs, especially penicillin
Atopic Conditions
Condition
Anaphylaxis
Commonly Associated Allergens
Heterologous antisera
Vaccines
Iodinated radiographic material
Allergic rhinitis
Inhalants (spores, pollens,
animal dander)
Extrinsic asthma
Mold spores
Atopic or Allergic Reactions
Autoimmunity - Auto allergy
Diseases that result from antibodies or immune cells
produces by the host that react with some of the
host’s own antigens.
May be in serum or a particular cell type
Autoimmune Disorders
The body cannot distinguish between self and nonself external factors
The body begins to destroy itself
The body begins to produce antibodies against it’s
own normal cells
The disorders are destructive with little treatment
Women are more susceptible
Examples:
1. Multiple Sclerosis--Attacks lining of CNS
2. Type I Diabetes--Attacks Beta cells
3. Systemic Lupus--Attacks DNA, body kills
itself
Organ Specific
Multiple Sclerosis
•150,000 in the U. S.
•Appears as a genetic & environmental determiner
•Demyelinization of the sheath of CNS nerves
Organ Specific
Myasthenia Gravis
Breakdown of conduction @ neuromuscular junction 85%
of victims show anti-acetylcholine-receptor antibodies
(Incidence) = 5 / 100,000
(F) = 30 yr olds (M) = 70 yr olds
1. Clinical Features
2. Pathogenesis
3. Treatment
4. Prognosis
Generalized
• Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Scleroderma
• Systemic Lupus