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Chapter 17 Section 2 Notes: The Northern Renaissance The Northern Renaissance Begins By 1450 the population of _________ ___________, which had been shattered by the __________ ___________, was beginning to recover. In addition, the destructive Hundred years’ war between _____________ and ____________ ended in 1453. Many cities _________ rapidly. Urban ______________ became wealthy enough to sponsor artists. This happened first in _______________ which was rich from long distance trade and the cloth industry. Then it happened in other countries. Italy was divided into ______________. In contrast England and France were unified under strong _____________. These rulers often sponsored the arts. For example, Francis I of France purchased Renaissance paintings. He also invited ______________________ to retire in France, and hired Italian artists and architects to rebuild his castle at ____________________. When completed _________________ became a showcase of the ________________ ________________. Because of Monarchs like Francis, royal courts played a major role in introducing ______________ styles to ____________ Europe. As Renaissance ideas spread out of ___________, they mingled with Northern traditions. As a result, the _____________ ______________ developed its own character. Many ____________ there were more interested in _______________ ideas than the ____________ themes popular in Italy. The Renaissance ideal of ______________ ____________ inspired some northern humanists to develop plans for social reform based on _______________ values. Artistic Ideas Spread German Painters- Perhaps the most famous person to do this was the German artist __________ __________. The son of a goldsmith, __________ decided to become a painter. After serving an apprenticeship, he traveled to Italy to study in 1494. ____________ emphasis upon ____________ influenced the work of another German artist, _____________ ____________ the Younger. Holbein specialized in painting ____________ that are almost photographic in detail. He enjoyed great success in ____________, where he painted portraits of King ________________ and other members of the Royal Family. Flemish Painters- As in Italy, wealthy ____________ families in Flanders were attracted to the Renaissance emphasis on ______________ and worldly ___________. Their patronage helped to make ____________ the artistic center of ___________ Europe. As in Italy, the Renaissance in Flanders was marked by an interst in Realism. The first great Flemish Painter was ________________. Van Eyck lived from sometime in the late _______ to 1441 and worked at the height of the _____________ Renaissance. Flemish painting reached its peak after 1550 with the work of ______________ the Elder. Like van Eyck, Bruegel was interested in _________ details and individual people. He captured scenes from ____________ ____________ life such as weddings, dances, harvest and the changing of seasons. Bruegel also produced paintings that illustrated ___________. Northern Writers Try to Reform Society Christian Humanists- Born in Rotterdam, Erasmus received honors from princes, kings and cardinals for his brilliant ___________. In 1509, while he was a guest in More’s house, Erasmus wrote his most famous work, __________________. This book poked fun at greedy ____________, heartsick lovers, quarrelsome scholars and pompous ___________. Although some of Erasmus’s most stinging barbs were aimed at the _____________, his work was strongly ____________. Erasmus believe in a ____________ of the __________, not one of ceremonies or rules. He thought hat in order to improve society all people should study the ___________. Also concerned with society’s flaws, Thomas More tried to show a better model. In 1516, he wrote the book ___________ about an imaginary land inhabited by a peace-loving people. In Greek Utopia means __________ but in English it has come to mean _____________ because of More’s book. In Utopia, greed, corruption, ________ and crime had been weeded out. Because the Utopians weren’t _________, they had little need for ____________. William Shakespeare- William Shakespeare wrote in Renaissance ___________. Many people regard him as the greatest ___________ of all time. By 1592 he was living in London and writing _______ and __________. His works display a masterful command of the __________ Language and a deep understanding of human beings. He revealed the souls of men and women through scenes of dramatic conflict. His most famous plays include the _________________ Macbeth, King Lear, ___________, Romeo and Juliet, and the ____________, A Midsummer Night’s Dream. Many of these plays frankly examine ____________ ___________. The Elizabethan Age- The Renaissance in England is also called the _______________________, for Queen Elizabeth I. She reigned from 1558-1603. Elizabeth was well-Educated and knew _________, Italian, Latin, and _________. In addition to running a _____________, she also wrote poetry. As a queen, she patronized artists and writers. Printing Spreads Renaissance Ideas Gutenberg Invents the Printing Press- During the _______ century, block printed items reached Europe from __________. European printers began to use block printing to create whole pages to bind into _________. However, this process, was too slow to satisfy the Renaissance demand for _____________ and books. _____________________, a craftsman from Mainz, Germany, reinvented _________________ around 1440. The small method was practical for Europeans because their ____________ have a very small number of ____________ in their alphabets. Gutenberg then invented the ____________________. The printing press is a machine that presses paper against a tray full of inked movable _____. Using this invention, Gutenberg printed a complete Bible, the __________________, in about 1455. It was the first ______________ book printed with moveable type. Printing Spreads Learning-The printing press had a revolutionary impact on _____________ ___________. It enabled a printer to produce hundreds of copies, all exactly alike, of a single work. For the first time, _________ were cheap enough that many people could buy them. Printing spread quickly to other cities in Europe. By 1500, presses in about ________ cities had printed between ___ and ___ million books. New ________ spread more quickly than every before. At first printers produced many _________ works. Soon they began to provide books on other subjects such as _________ guides and medical __________. The availability of books encouraged people to learn to ________ and so caused a rise in ___________. Writing in ___________ languages also increased because even people who could not afford classical education could now buy books. Printers produced the ___________ in vernacular, which allowed more people to read it. People began to _________ the bible for themselves and to become more ___________ of priests and their behavior. This eventually led to demands for religious ___________. The End of the Renaissance-In both ________ and ___________ Europe, the Renaissance had stirred a burst of __________ activity. Artists in both regions studied _____________ culture, praised individual ________________, and produced works using new ______________. During the _________, new ideas and artistic styles appeared. Nonetheless, Renaissance ideals continued to influence European __________. For example, the Renaissance belief in the dignity of the _______________ played a key role in the gradual rice of _____________ ideas.