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Name: ____________________________________________________Date due: ___________________________ Period: _______ 10-Feudal Lords and the Church Dominated Medieval Europe 1. Frankish Rulers Governed Much of Western Europe for Centuries Define/Identify: Middle Ages Pepin the Short Charlemagne medieval Louis the Pious Franks Magyars Clovis Vikings Merovingians Charles Martel Locate (be able to locate these places on a map of Europe): Papal States Aix-la-Chapelle Normandy 1. What were the accomplishments of Clovis? 2. What were the accomplishments of Charles Martel? 3. How did Pepin the Short become king of the Franks? 4. What precedent did the crowning of Pepin establish? 5. How did Charlemagne change government and education in his empire? 6. Give two reasons for the breakup of Charlemagne’s empire. 2. Medieval Life Was Based on Feudalism and the Manorial System Define/Identify: feudalism fief vassal primogeniture 1 Name: ____________________________________________________Date due: ___________________________ Period: _______ manor serf domain chivalry 1. What was feudalism and why did it develop? 2. What were the obligations of vassals and lords under the feudal relationship? 3. Explain the three methods of trail under feudal justice. 4. Describe the ways in which land on a manor was divided and used. 5. Under the rules of chivalry, w hat were the steps leading to knighthood? 3. The Church Had Many Roles in the Middle Ages Define/Identify: sacrament simony monasticism Inquisition abbot curia canon law cardinals interdict St. Francis of Assisi tithe St. Dominic 1. Name the position in the church hierarchy and briefly describe the duties of each position. 2 Name: ____________________________________________________Date due: ___________________________ Period: _______ 2. In what three ways did the medieval church resemble a state? 3. How did the church contribute to medieval life? 4. What four major problems faced the church during the Middle Ages? And, how do you think each problem hurt the power and status of the church? 5. How did the church become part of the feudal system in Europe? 6. In what ways was the church independent of the feudal system? 4. Kings and Nobles Struggled for Power in England and France Define/Identify: shire William the Conqueror Magna Carta Henry II common law Thomas á Becket Anglo-Saxons Eleanor of Aquitaine Alfred the Great Simon de Montfort Edward the Confessor Hugh Capet Normans Locate (Be able to locate these places on a map of Europe): Hastings Canterbury Ile-de-France Aquitaine Gascony 1. Name four of the main provisions of the Magna Carta. 3 Name: ____________________________________________________Date due: ___________________________ Period: _______ 2. Why was the Magna Carta important? 3. How did Parliament form in England? 4. How did common law form in England? 5. W hat problems did the Capetian kings of France face? 6. What advantage did the kings have? 7. Explain how the strong Capetian kings added to their power. 11-Trade Revived and Nations Developed in Europe 1. The Crusades Changed the Lives of the People of Europe Define/Identify: Louis VII Crusade Conrad III Urban II Saladin Locate (Be able to locate these places on map): County of Edessa Principality of Antioch County of Tripoli Kingdom of Jerusalem 1. Why did people join the Crusades? 2. The Crusades are sometimes called “successful failures.” What is meant by this description? 3. Do you agree or disagree with this description? Why or why not? 4 Name: ____________________________________________________Date due: ___________________________ Period: _______ 2. Trade Increased in Europe Define/Indentify: domestic system: usury: capital: barter economy: market economy: Locate (Be able to locate these on a map of Europe): English Channel Flanders Ghent Bruges Hamburg Lübeck Bremen 1. What caused trade to decline during the early Middle Ages? 2. What effect did this have on western Europe? 3. Why were fairs important in medieval society? 4. What is capital? 5. How was capital invested in medieval Europe? 3. The Growth of Town Brought Great Social and Political Changes Define/Identify: merchant guild apprentice craft guild journeyman 1. Why are towns and cities essential to trade? 2. How did townspeople gain the rights of self-government? 5 Name: ____________________________________________________Date due: ___________________________ Period: _______ 3. What were the most important of these rights? 4. What were the differences between merchant guilds and craft guilds? 5. What caused the growth of towns? 6. How did this growth contribute to the decline in the number of serfs? 7. How did the Black Death affect these towns? 4. The Culture of the Middle Ages Flourished in Towns and Cities Define/Identify: vernacular language Dante troubadours Chaucer miracle play Abelard scholasticism Aquinas 1. How did the fabliaux differ from the epics? 2. How did the church teach the Bible’s stories to those who could not read? 3. What was the organizational structure of medieval universities? 4. What were some of the differences between the Romanesque and Gothic styles of architecture? 5. The Temporal Power of the Church Was Challenged Define/Identify: Bonifce VIII Babylonian Captivity 6 Name: ____________________________________________________Date due: ___________________________ Period: _______ John Wycliffe Great Schism John Huss Locate (Be able to locate this city on a map of Europe): Avignon 1. What caused the decline of the church’s temporal power after the reign of Innocent III? 2. Describe the dispute between Boniface VIII and Philip IV. 3. What were the Babylonian Captivity and the great Schism? 4. Why did they weaken the church? 5. Explain the importance of the ideas of Defender of the Peace. 6. How were these ideas further developed by both Wycliffe and Huss? 12-Civilization in East Asia Reached New Heights 1. China Flourished Under a Restored Empire Define/Identify: Li Bai Zen Du Fu Diamond Sutra Locate (Be able to locate on a map of China): Grand Canal Chang’an Kaifeng Beijing Hangzhou 1. List the names of the four dynasties established in China from 589 to the 1200s. 7 Name: ____________________________________________________Date due: ___________________________ Period: _______ 2. How did a person qualify for the civil service exams? 3. How were the exams administered? 4. Describe the invention and development of the printing press. 5. What were two important changes in the lives of Chinese peasants that took place during the Tang and Song dynasties? 2. Central Asian Nomads Invaded China and the West Define/Identify: Batu Genghis Khan Golden Horde Kublai Khan Rabban Bar Sauma Locate (on a map of the world): Karakorum Indochina 1. How were the Mongols able to conquer so much land in Asia so quickly? 2. Why did the Chinese despise the Mongols? 3. What were some of the good features of Mongol rule? 4. How did Kublai Khan improve communications in China? 5. How were the countries of Indochina able to maintain their own identities? 8 Name: ____________________________________________________Date due: ___________________________ Period: _______ 3. Japan Developed Its Own Government, Society, and Culture Define/Identify: daimyo shogun Shinto samurai The Tale of Genji Bushido Ashikaga seppuku Sejong Locate (on a map of Asia): Kyoto Kamakura Korea 1. Compare the favorable and unfavorable features of Japanese geography. 2. What were China’s major contributions to and influences on Japan? 3. Name the two centers of power in Japanese feudalism. 4. How did they complement each other? 5. Hoe did they conflict with each other? 6. How did Zen Buddhism influence Japanese culture? 7. What effect did years of Chinese domination have on Korean culture? 9 Name: ____________________________________________________Date due: ___________________________ Period: _______ 13-Africa and the Americas Produced Complex Civilizations 1. Many Methods Uncovered Africa’s Early History Define/Identify: tropical rain forest linguist jungle oral tradition savanna matrilineal Locate (On a map of Africa): Niger River Zaire River (Congo) Zambezi River Sahara Kalahari Desert 1. What geographic factors made contact difficult among peoples in Africa’s interior? 2. How did geography of Africa influence patterns of settlement? 3. What nonwritten evidence identifies early African developments? 4. What conclusions have scholars reached about patterns of life in early Africa? 2. City-states and Kingdoms Arose Throughout Africa Define/Identify: Mansa Musa Sunni Ali Locate (Be able to locate on a map of Africa): Kerma Kilwa Napata Lake Chad Meröe Ghana Mali Tombouctou Songhai Gao 1. What metals were mined in the ancient kingdoms of Africa? 2. What factors helped make East Africa a center for trade? 10 Name: ____________________________________________________Date due: ___________________________ Period: _______ 3. Give evidence to support the idea that Ghana, Mali, and Songhai were powerful, wealthy kingdoms. 4. What role did trade play in their development? 3. People Migrated from Asia to the Americas Define/Identify: Pueblo people adobe Plains people tepee Locate (Be able to locate on a map of the Western Hemisphere): Rocky Mountains Andes Mountains 1. What may have motivated early people to migrate to the Americas? 2. List the important crops grown in the Americas. 3. What factors limited farmers’ productivity? 4. How did the various cultures of North America differ? 4. Empire Rose and Flourished in Mexico and Peru Define/Identify: chinampa Toltecs quipu Quetzalcoatl Olmecs Aztecs Chavin Incas Maya 11 Name: ____________________________________________________Date due: ___________________________ Period: _______ Locate (Be able to locate on a map of the Western Hemisphere): Tula Chichén Itzá Yucatán Peninsula Tenochtitlán Cuzco 1. What factors contributed to the growth of large populations in Mexico and Peru? 2. How did the Incas prevent famines? 3. How were the civilizations of the Maya, Aztecs, and Incas similar? 4. How were they different? 14-The Renaissance, Reformation, and Scientific Revolution Changed Europe 1. Renaissance Writers and Artists Created Outstanding Works Define/Identify: Renaissance Michelangelo humanist Johann Gutenberg perspective Desiderius Erasmus utopia Thomas More Francesco Petrarch William Shakespeare Niccolò Machiavelli Pieter Brueghel the Elder Leonardo da Vinci Hans Holbein the Younger Locate (Be able to locate on a map of Europe): Florence (Firenze) Milan (Milano) Venice (Venezia) Flanders 1. Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy? 12 Name: ____________________________________________________Date due: ___________________________ Period: _______ 2. Why did humanism spread northward? 3. What was the most notable characteristic of Renaissance painting? 4. How was it achieved? 2. The Protestant Reformation Changed Religious Attitudes Define/Identify: Reformation Johann Tetzel Martin Luther indulgence Charles V 95 theses Henry VIII sect Locate (Be able to locate on a map of Europe): Wittenberg 1. What specific issue started the Reformation? 2. What was the religious compromise of the Peace of Augsburg? 3. What were the main differences between Luther’s ideas and those of the Roman Catholic church? 4. Why did Henry VIII break away from the Roman Catholic church? 3. The Roman Catholic Church Met New Challenges Define/Identify: Counter-Reformation (Catholic Reformation) predestination Huldrych Zwingli theocracy John Calvin 13 Name: ____________________________________________________Date due: ___________________________ Period: _______ Pope Paul II Ignatius of Loyola Locate (Be able to locate on a map of Europe): Zurich Geneva 1. What were the main ideas of John Calvin? 2. Why did Calvinism spread so rapidly throughout Europe? 3. Why was the Council of Trent summoned? 4. What actions did the Council of Trent take? 5. Do you think it (the Council of Trent) was successful? 6. What role did the Jesuits play in the Counter-Reformation? 4. Popular Culture Took New Forms and Influenced Daily Life Define/Identify: standard of living broadside inflation almanac ”rough music” 1. Why were almanacs such popular books for country people? 2. Why did the standard of living for many peasants decline after 1550? 14 Name: ____________________________________________________Date due: ___________________________ Period: _______ 3. Why did traditional culture decline? 5. The Scientific Revolution Swept Europe Define/Identify: Scientific Revolution Wiliam Harvey scientific method Isaac Newton geocentric theory Joseph Priestley heliocentric theory Antoine Lavoisier Nicolaus Copernicus Rene Decartes Johannes Kepler Francis Bacon Galileo Blaise Pascal Andreas Vesalius Isaac Newton 1. How did Descartes and Bacon adapt the ideas of science to their writings? 2. What were Newton’s scientific contributions? 15