Download Protein Synthesis Review Sheet- Key

Name____________________________
Block______
Protein Synthesis Review Sheet
1. Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of DNA
2. Molecules of DNA are composed of long chains of NUCLEOTIDES
3. Watson and Crick built models of DNA that demonstrated the double helix is held together by H
bonds.
4. Each nucleotide triplet of mRNA is called a CODON
5. The enzyme HELICASE unzips the DNA helix while the enzyme DNA POLYMERASE builds new
DNA molecules.
6. Molecules of mRNA carry the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosome.
7. During translation the ANTICODON region of the tRNA binds to the complementary codon of mRNA.
8. Amino Acids are attached to each other during translation by PEPTIDE BONDS.
9. Name the type of bond strings nucleotides together COVALENT BONDS.
10. Name the type of bond which bonds complementary bases together HYDROGEN BONDS.
11. The start codon is AUG and codes for the amino acid METHIONINE
12. Name the type of bond that strings amino acids together PEPTIDE BONDS (didn’t realize I put this on here
twice-- #8 and #12)
13. In between transcription and translation, INTRONS, which code for junk DNA are edited out of the
mRNA.
14. How many nucleotides code for an Amino Acid?
3 Nucleotide= Codon
15. Where does transcription and translation occur?
Transcription= Nucleus
Translation= Cytoplasm on a Ribosome
16. How many stop codons are there?
3 stop codons
17. What the 3 parts of a nucleotide?
Sugar, Nitrogen Base, Phosphate Group
18. List 3 ways RNA differs from DNA?
1. Single Stranded
2. Ribose= Sugar
3. Uracil instead of Thymine
19. What is the function of rRNA?
To make ribosome (structural)
20. What is the function of tRNA?
To transport Amino Acids from the cytoplasm to the Ribosome
21. What is the function of mRNA?
Transmit the message of DNA to the Ribosome
22. What occurs during transcription?
DNA is transcribed to RNA
23. What occurs during translation?
mRNA, rRNA and tRNA function together to bring
Amino Acids together to make proteins.
24. tRNA: UGA UCC AGC
Write the amino acid sequence:
Threonine- Arginine- Serine
25. DNA: TAC CGT GAT TAA
Write the amino acid sequence:
mRNA strand: AUG- GCA- CUA- AUU
Methionine- Alanine- Leucine- Isoleucine
26. DNA complementary strand: ACA GGG CAT TAA
Write the amino acid sequence:
Template strand: TGT- CCC- GTA- ATT
mRNA strand: ACA- GGG- CAU- UAA
Amino Acid: Threonine- Glycine- Histadine- Stop
27. mRNA: AUG CAC UAC UGA
Write the amino acid sequence
Methionine- Histadine- Tyrosine- Stop
28. Describe the function of a Promoter and a Terminator.
Promotor- to tell RNA Polymerase to begin synthesizing the RNA strand
Terminator- to tell RNA Polymerase to break off the DNA template strand
29. Why is it important to have multiple Replications of Origin on a single DNA molecule?
To make DNA replication or RNA transcription occur faster
30. Who is credited for discovering the structure of DNA?
Watson and Crick