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Name: _________________________________ Teacher: ________________________ Biology Per.:___ GREGOR MENDEL: THE FATHER OF GENETICS •At 21 years old he joined the Monastery in Brunn, Austria •His job was to tend to the _________________________ •In _____________________, he entered the University of Vienna s: to study _________________________ •In Math he learned the subject of _________________________ •Statistics helped with his discovery of ________________ •The transmission of characteristics from: __________________ TO _________________________. •Mendel later returned to the Monastery and taught high school and kept his garden going. •He studied many types of plants but he is most famous for…. • • • PISUM SATIVUM, AKA: _________________________ Observation of 7 Characteristics of Peas: – Each occurred in 2 ______________________________traits) Using statistics, Mendel analyzed the differences he observed. PLANT CHARACTERISTICS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. _________________________--LONG/SHORT _________________________--AXIAL OR TERMINAL _________________________--GREEN/YELLOW _________________________--INFLATED/ CONSTRICTED _________________________--PURPLE/WHITE _________________________--SMOOTH/WRINKLED _________________________--GREEN/YELLOW • • HIS OBSERVATIONS: Flower Color : – Purple Flowers _________________________ Flower – Purple Flower _________________________Flower Plant Height: – Tall Plant Seeds --> _________________________ Plants – Tall Plant Seeds --> _________________________ Plants FLOWER ANATOMY Anther: ___________ reproductive part Stigma: ___________ reproductive part MENDEL’S METHODS He _________________________ the experiment by choosing how the plants were pollinated Pollination: - Pollen grains from _______________ transferred to ____________________ Self – Pollination: - The transfer of pollen from the anther of a flower to the stigma of the same flower, or to different flowers on the same plant. Cross-Pollination: - Involves flowers of 2 _________________________ plants • The pea plant that Medel studies reproduced by: _______________________ WHAT MENDEL DID • 1 : Self-pollination can be interrupted • 2nd: Cross=pollination performed. • How this is done: – A) ________________ the __________________ from a flower – B) _________________________ transfer anther of a flower on one plant to the stigma of a flower on another plant ●This gave Mendel a _________________________ experiment. st • • • P1 Generation: _________________________ generation Mendel used _________________________for each of the 14 traits he observed When plants matured, he recorded the number of each type of offspring produced by each P1 plant F1 Generation Generation of _________________________ produced by the P1 plant First _________________________ generation These then self-pollinated, and seeds were collected F2 Generation: The _________________________ by the F1 generation of plants Dominant & Recessive Mendel called the tall height of the plant _______________________ – Because it ___________/______________ or dominated the short height The short plant was called _________________________ • • PUNNETT SQUARE • • • Tool used to ____________________ the results in genetics Capital letter “________” represents dominant allele Lowercase letter “_______” represents recessive allele GENOTYPE & PHENOTYPE ● Genotype: The genetic blueprint or what the ________________ (________________) represents: -- “T” -- “t” ● Phenotype: Is how the allele __________________ “T” = TALL plant -- “t” = short plant ● Homozygous: An organism with 2____________ alleles for a trait that are EXACTLY the same ( _____________ or TT) ●Heterozygous: An organism that has _________________________ alleles for a trait ( ___________ )