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EARTH SCIENCE: GEOLOGY 104 QUIZZES...chapter 1-6
Quiz 1
1)
A Hypothesis is:
a) a natural law
b) a fact
c) a potential explanation
d) a baby hypo
2) An example of inductive reasoning might be found in the
weather forecast when a meteorologist predicts rain is coming
based on known principles or characteristics of a certain air
mass.
a) true
b)false
3) The Alvarez Hypothesis is an example of good science
because:
a) it is based on empirical observations (in this case, iridium
around the world in 66 million year old rock layers)
b) the predicted presence of a 66 million year old crater on
Earth was eventually located
c) the hypothesis will never change no matter how many other
observations are made
d) all of the above are correct
e) answers a) and b) are correct only
4) The scientific method is based on four key principles
described below.
a) tentative, empirical observations, predictable and testable,
becomes a universal law
b) tentative, empirical observations, predictable and testable,
offers a natural cause for a natural event
c) absolute explanation, empirical observations, predictable and
testable, usually becomes a theory
d) tentative, empirical observations, unpredictable, offers a
natural cause for a natural event
5) Which of the following pieces of information were known
prior to the Hutchinson gas explosions?
a) the volume of gas in the Yaggy Storage Facility
b) the types of rock underlying the city
c) when the explosions would occur
d) the location of the leaking wells
Quiz 2:
1) Galileo’s observations of the phases and apparent changing
size of Venus viewed from the Earth support the ________
model.
a) geocentric
b) heliocentric
c) big bang
d) supernova
2) If an object in space such as a star in another galaxy shows a
red shift in wavelength of light reaching an observer on Earth,
the object is:
a) moving toward Earth
b) exploding
c) being sucked into a black hole
d) moving away from Earth
3) In general when you looked at plots of white dwarfs on the
Hertsprung-Russell diagram the surface temperature of the
white dwarfs are ________ than the surface temperature of our
Sun.
a) colder
b) approximately the same temperature
c) hotter
d) cannot be determined on this diagram
4) In the geocentric model of Earth’s position in the Solar System:
a) the Earth and other planets revolve around the Sun
b) the Sun and the planets revolve around the Earth
c) all galaxies revolve around the Sun
d) all galaxies revolve around the Earth
5) The main reason for our seasons is:
a) the Earth is closer to the Sun during our summer solstice and
farther from the Sun during our winter solstice
b) sunspot activities creating a hotter Sun always occur during our
summer solstice
c) the Earth is tilted at 23.5 degrees on its geographic axis
d) the position of the Moon determines our seasons
Quiz 3
1) Meteor Crater in Arizona is a “simple” crater about 1,200
meters (1.2 km or less than one mile) across and is bowlshaped. This crater was created by a meteorite that is thought
to have been about 50 meters (165 feet) in diameter. This
meteorite is about the size of a:
a) car
b) two-story house
c) 15-floor office building
d) Mt. Everest
2) Some scientists hypothesize that a significant amount of water
for the Earth’s oceans may have been supplied by:
a) meteorites
b) meteors
c) comets
d) aqua-fina
3) The asteroid belt is located:
a) at the Oort cloud beyond the orbit of Neptune
b) between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter
c) between the orbits of Earth and Mars
d) between the Sun and Mercury
4) The composition of meteorites is the same as the composition
of the terrestrial planets. This implies:
a) the terrestrial planets formed from such material
b) all planets formed from such material
c) stars form from such material
d) the age of the Universe is 14 billion years old
5) When an asteroid strikes Earth it is known as a:
a) meteor
b) meteorite
c) shooting star
d) comet
Quiz 4
1) One natural feature that can be used to contradict the
contracting Earth model is Earth’s heat flow, where in general
the highest heat flow is found at:
a) the trenches
b) the ridges
c) the continents
d) the equatorial area
2) The lithosphere is comprised of:
a) the crust all the way down to the outer core
b) the solid inner core plus the liquid outer core
c) the whole mantle
d) the crust plus the upper-rigid mantle
3) The San Andreas Fault system marks a portion of the plate
boundary between the Pacific and North American plates.
What type of plate boundary is the San Andreas?
a) transform
b) divergent
c) convergent
d) collisional
4) The three types of plate boundaries are known as:
a) convergent, divergent and ridge
b) divergent, convergent and transcontinental
c) transform, continental and divergent
d) convergent, divergent and transform
5) Which of these lines of evidence were used to support
Wegener’s continental drift hypothesis?
a) the distribution of fossils
b) the fit of the continents
c) earthquake locations
d) all of the above
e) a) and b) only
Quiz 5
1) How much more would ground motion increase between
magnitude 4.5 and 5.5 earthquakes?
a) no increase
b) 5 times as much
c) 10 times as much
d) 30 times as much
2) In a normal fault, the block below the fault plane moves ______
relative to the block above the fault plane.
a) up
b) down
c) apart
d) horizontal
3) P-waves travel the fastest in the Earth’s interior and can move
through:
a) solids only
b) liquids only
c) solids, liquids and gases
d) the biosphere only
4) The closer the seismograph is to the earthquake source, the
greater the time interval between the arrival of the first P-waves
and first S-waves.
a) true
b) false
5) The epicenter of an earthquake is:
a) where the initial rupture begins
b) where the P and S-waves originate
c) the location on the Earth’s surface where the fault scarp occurs
d) the location on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus
Quiz 6
1) Characteristics of rhyolitic magma include:
a) relatively low temperature
b) relatively high water content
c) relatively explosive eruptions
d) relatively high silica content
e) all of the above
2) How would you classify the viscosity of the magma that
produced the eruption of Nyirangongo and the violence of the
eruption itself?
a) low viscosity magma; violent eruption
b) high viscosity magma; violent eruption
c) low viscosity magma; mild eruption
d) high viscosity magma; mild eruption
3) Viscosity is defined as ‘resistance to flow’. Therefore, the
higher the viscosity:
a) the more resistance to flow
b) the less resistance to flow
c) there is no way to increase or decrease viscosity
d) the faster a substance will flow
4) Viscosity of a magma can be decreased by decreasing the
silica content and also by ___________ the temperature.
a) increasing
b) decreasing
c) lowering
d) measuring
5) What type of volcano AND what type of magma is associated
with Mount St. Helens?
a) shield volcano; basaltic
b) stratovolcano; basaltic
c) cinder cone; andesitic
d) stratovolcano; andesitic
e) shield volcano; rhyolitic
below is an example of a test question that could be asked on the Mid Term.
This is taken from your homework and developed into a multiple choice
question. Most of your test questions on the Mid Term and Final will be
multiple choice, taken from your homework assignments (like below) and
from the quizzes.
#5. Which of the following best describes the timeline of the life
cycle of our Sun?
a) The early Sun (protosun) formed about 5 million years ago and 5 million
years from now it will become a red giant and then end its life as a white
and finally a black dwarf star.
b) The early Sun (protosun) formed about 5 billion years ago and 10 billion
years from now it will become a red giant and then end its life as a white
and finally a black dwarf star.
c) The early Sun (protosun) formed about 5 billion years ago and 5 billion
years from now it will become a red giant and then end its life as a white
and finally a black dwarf star.
d) The early Sun (protosun) formed about 5 billion years ago and 5 billion
years from now it will end its life in a supernova explosion.