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#4 Science Assignment Sheet 2/1/16
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OMM Text online: http://www.carolinacurriculum.com/premium_content/Premium+Gateway.asp click Student Access /Code is
AMSTIOMM. Quizlet: Classification and Ecology-Adams http://quizlet.com/18386163/classification-and-ecology-adams-flash-cards/
Monday – Limiting Factors and Carrying Capacity. Planting of Fast Plants and Radish. Assignment:
Study guide due Wednesday...test on Thursday.
Tuesday - Symbiotic Relationships. WOWBUGS! Assignment: Complete drawing/ques/study guide.
Wednesday – Review for test! Assignment: Study for test on Thursday.
Thursday – Test! Read about worms! Assignment: More than Just Bait! complete reader’s guide
Friday – Worms and microscopic drawings. Assignment: Study guide due Monday. Test on Tuesday!
Vocabulary: dorsal anterior posterior ventral symbiosis lichen commensalism mutualism parasitism host
carrying capacity
Limiting factors
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Content Outline: Community Ecology (2.3) - Part 1
I. Community - all the populations of species that live in the same habitat and interact with each other.
A. Competition (-, -)
1. This relationship exists because resources are in small supply.
2. Two species cannot occupy the same niche in an environment.
a. Niche - the place or function of a given organism within its environment, which affects its survival.
B. Predation (+, -)
1. Normal – A predator kills and eats its prey. For example, a Lion killing and eating a Gazelle.
2. Parasitism - A parasite harms another organism. For example, a mosquito biting you.
3. Adaptations for predators to catch prey: claws, teeth, poisons, speed, and musculature
4. Adaptations against predators to avoid being caught: long legs, speed, flight, horns, coloration
a. Camouflage – coloration that helps an animal blend in with the surroundings.
b. Warning coloration - bright colors such as red, orange, yellow, or blue
c. Defensive chemicals - ex: skunk spray
d. Mimicry – this is when the coloration, makes a harmless animal look like a harmful animal.
C. Mutualism (+, +) 1. This relationship promotes coevolution. The relationship has a positive effect for each organism.
D. Commensalism (+, 0) 1. This relationship is where one organism benefits while the other organism is unaffected (0).
Content Outline: Ecosystem Dynamics (2.4) - Part 1
I. Ecosystems
A. This term refers to all the interacting communities within a given area plus the abiotic factors affecting it
B. Abiotic factors mainly deal with energy flow, nutrient cycling, temperature, and water.
II. Trophic levels - Feeding relationships
A. Producers or Autotrophs (self eater/feeder)
1. These organisms take the sunlight and inorganic matter and convert it into organic energy storing
molecules (food/sugars).
2. Producers ‘produce’ the start to all food chains
B. Consumers or Heterotrophs (other eater/feeder)
1. Different levels can occur such as 1’ (primary), 2’ (secondary), 3’ (tertiary), etc
2. 1’ feeds on producers, 2’ feeds on 1’, 3’ feeds on 2’ etc.
3. They must eat other organisms to obtain energy and matter.
C. Decomposers or Detritovores (feed on dead, organic matter - detritus)
1. The decomposers take detritus and convert it back to the inorganic state for recycling and use by
producers.
The 10% rule applies from trophic level to trophic level. The 10% rules states that only 10% of the energy
from one trophic level will be available to fuel the next trophic level in the food chain. 90% is lost in the
actual keeping alive of the organism (80%) and also waste (10%). The energy that was used to keep the
organism alive was ultimately converted to heat energy and released to the environment.
Study Guide-Ecology
Complete in science notebook- due Wednesday
1. Give an example of each of the following:
a. Organism
b. population
c. community
d. ecosystem
2. What is taxonomy?
3. We have studied 2 scientists: Aristotle and Linnaeus....Briefly explain what each did or discovered.
4. Explain why this statement is accurate “Without the sun, life on earth might not exist.”
(write at least 3-4 sentences...2-3 reasons... must be able to write CDC for test)
5. True or False: Tertiary consumers get more energy from their food than do secondary consumers.
6. Name 2 autotrophs.
Name 2 heterotrophs.
Name 2 decomposers.
Name 2 herbivores.
Name 2 carnivores.
Name 2 omnivores.
7. Put these words in order…largest(1) to smallest (5).
population
ecosystem
organism
community
biosphere
8. Scientist use 6 kingdoms in classifying organisms. What are they?
Which kingdom has the roses as members?
Where does Lemna (Duckweed) fit?
What about worms?
How about the bugs?
Which has humans?
9. What are the rules for writing a scientific name? For typing one?
10. What does the word biotic mean?
Abiotic?
11. Name 5 nonliving parts of an ecosystem and 5 living parts.
12. Be able to draw Linneaus’ triangle and label the areas.
13. If two organisms were in the same Family, would you expect them to be more or less similar than two
organisms in the same Order? Explain your answer.
14. Define niche.
15. Name five characteristics of all living things. What is homeostasis?
16. What is the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction?
17. How many times is an object magnified when measured on Low Power?
Med. Power?
High?
18. Label: A. eyepiece
B. Coarse adjustment C. Arm
D. Base
E. Stage
F. Objective lenses
G. Diaphragm
19. A compound light microscope as 2 lenses. What are the 2 lenses called?
How much does the ocular lens magnify?
How do you find total magnification?
20. Create a food chain with 4 members/label the producers, primary, secondary or tertiary consumers.
21. In a food web, what does an arrow pointing from a frog to a stork mean?
22. 22. Which is the predator and which is the prey?
  
23. Looking at the energy pyramid, in a stable ecosystem, which group will have the
Greatest population?
The smallest population?
Why?
24. What is carrying capacity?
Give 3 examples of limiting factors.
25. Define symbiosis.
Define and Give an example of parasitismmutualismcommensalisms26. How are insects helpful to the environment? (3 ways)
27. Label the parts of this fly: dorsal, ventral, anterior and posterior.
For Friday.....
More than just Bait - OMM online text lesson 3 Interactive notes!
California Black Worm Lumbriculus variegatus
Segmented worms that are small but complex!
Positions on the body:
Anterior -- head region (rounded)
Dorsal - back or top surface
Posterior – tail region (pointed)
Ventral - front/bell region
1. Movement – describe how they move through water and soil.
2. Respiration (gas exchange)... how does oxygen get into the Lumbriculus?
Reflex actions: rapid jerky motions forward or backward for defense. Photoreceptors in tail region detect shadows
and the worm reacts.
3. Digestive System --- what does it look like?
4. Circulatory System --- what does it look like?
They have no heart so how does the blood get pushed through the body?
Reproduction – Blackworms can reproduce both sexually or asexually
- Asexual reproduction is most commonly seen - fragmentation and regeneration 
Produces offspring identical to the parent
- Sexual reproduction – possible but more rarely seen  unique offspring
5. What is a related organism?
6. What is the clitellum?
7. What are castings?
8. How are these worms helpful in the environment? (3 ways)
9. Name at least three organisms that can regenerate?
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Study Guide-Ecology
Complete in science notebook- due Wednesday
1. Describe/define (5 words or less!) and give an example of each of the following:
Organism - a living thing composed of 1 or more cells that carries out all life processes(a cat) populationall of the members of a species living in an area (all the maple trees in a forest)
community: all of the living things in an area (a pond community)
ecosystem: the living(biotic)+nonliving(abiotic) parts of an ecosystem working together (a lake ecosystem)
2. What is taxonomy?The study of how living things are grouped and classified.
3. We have studied 4 scientists: Aristotle, Linnaeus, Robert Hooke and Leeuwenhoek.
Briefly explain what each did or discovered.
Linneaus-developed a classification system that gave 2 part scientific names, and 7 layers for identification
Aristotle – philosopher developed a classification system dividing plant or animals(blood or no blood)
Robert Hooke –developed an early compound microscope. Saw plant cell walls and gave us the word “cell”
Leeuwenhoek-developed a single lens microscope that was able to magnify 50-300x. He saw Protists that
he called “animalcules”.
4. Explain why this statement is accurate “Without the sun, life on earth might not exist.”
(write at least 3-4 sentences...2-3 reasons) The sun provides the base of the energy pyramid. The
producers use its energy to make food for themselves through photosynthesis. With no sunlight there
would be no food for producers and so no food for consumers. With the loss of producers, there would be
much less oxygen in the atmosphere to support the life forms that require it. Also the sun provides the heat
that allows life on the planet.
5. True or False: Tertiary consumers get more energy from their food than do secondary consumers.
False- energy is lost (used for growth, reproduction, etc) at each level going up the pyramid.
6. Autotrophs/Producers - make their Own food…. Any green plant, some photosynthetic Protist
Name 2 heterotrophs. Consumers that must eat other Organisms… cat, mouse, horse
Name 2 Decomposers : Bacteria and Fungi Name 2 Herbivores: deer and mouse
Name 2 carnivores: Shark and Tiger
Name 2 Omnivores: People and Bear
7. Put these words in order…largest(1) to smallest (5).
population
ecosystem
organism
community
biosphere
8. Scientist use 6 kingdoms in classifying organisms. Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protist and Eubacteria and
Archeaebacteria… Which kingdom has the roses as members?__Plant__ Where does Lemna fit? _Plant__
What about Lumbriculus(worm)?__Animal_
Wowbugs?_Animal_
Humans – animal
9. What are the rules for writing a scientific name? For typing one? -For typing one? Capitalize the
genus but not the species. If writing, underline the name. If typing, use italics.
-Correctly write the
scientific name for a human. Homo sapiens
10. What does the word biotic mean?living Abiotic? Nonliving, things that have never been alive
11. Name 5 nonliving parts of an ecosystem and 5 living parts.
Abiotic: water, air, rock, temperature, altitude
Biotic: predators, prey, producers, bacteria, parasites
12. Be able to draw Linneaus’ triangle and label the areas.
13. If two organisms were in the same Family, would you expect them to be more or less similar than two
organisms in the same Order? Explain your answer.
yes, since the family is further down in
Linneaus’s classification triangle, the members are more similar than in the order.
14. Define niche. The job or role of an organism in the ecosystem. The way it gets what it needs for life
15. Name five characteristics of all living things. What is homeostasis? Made of cells, reproduce, have
similar chemicals, respond to the environment, ability to maintain homeostasis... the ability to maintain a
stable internal environment in a changing environment.
16. What is the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction? Sexual reproduction involves 2
sources of genetic information ( 2 “parents”) and produces unique offspring. Asexual reproduction uses
the DNA of a single organism to produce offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.
17. How many times is an object magnified when measured on Low Power? 4x10=40
10x10=100
Med. Power?
High? 43x10=430
18. Label: A. eyepiece
B. Coarse adjustment C. Arm
D. Base
E. Stage
F. Objective lenses
G. Diaphragm
19. Why is this a compound light microscope? has 2 lenses What are the 2 lenses called? objective and
ocular lenses
How much does the ocular lens magnify? 10x
How do you find total magnification? ocular x
objective lenses
20. Create a food chain with 4 members/label the producers, primary, secondary or tertiary consumers.
12. In a food web, what does an arrow pointing from a frog to a stork mean? 22. Which is the predator
and which is the prey?
Energy moves from the frog(prey) into the stork (predator)
  
23. Looking at the energy pyramid, in a stable ecosystem, which group will have the
Greatest population? Producer The smallest population? Tertiary consumers Why? As you move up
the pyramid, energy is used by the organisms and is lost as heat. Organisms at the top of the food chain
must eat many other organisms just to stay alive because they get less energy from what they are eating.
24. What is carrying capacity? The maximum number of an organism that an environment can support
at a given time. Give 3 examples of limiting factors. amount of food, water, sunlight
*The limiting factors will determine the carrying capacity for an organism in the environment.
25. Define symbiosis. When 2 organisms (species) live in close association with each other.
Give an example of parasitism- +/- relationship flea on dog
Give an example of mutualism- +/+ relationship ants and acacia tree
Give an example of commensalisms- +/o relationship orchid on tree
26. How are insects helpful to the environment? (3 ways) WOWbugs help control the populations of
blowflies and other pests, pollination, make honey and wax, part of many food webs
27. Label the parts of this fly: dorsal, ventral, anterior and posterior.
dorsal
anterior
posterior
ventral