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Download Geology Practice Test 2012 Minerals – use your mineral flow chart
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Transcript
Geology Practice Test 2012 Minerals – use your mineral flow chart where necessary. 1. Of the following physical properties, which one can vary (change) for different samples of the same mineral? A-hardness B-color C-streak D-specific gravity E-cleavage 2. The ability of a mineral to resist being scratched. 3. Does the mineral quartz have a metallic or nonmetallic luster? 4. How many directions of cleavage does the mineral Biotite have? 5. Based on our definition of a mineral, is a snowflake a mineral? 6. The way a mineral reflects light is know as its ___ ROCKS use: A, B or C for questions 7 - 12 "A" = Sedimentary "B" = Igneous "C" = Metamorphic 7. ______What type of rock are the islands of Hawaii made of? 8. ______What type of rock forms from molten material? 9. ______ A rock that has been changed by heat and pressure. 10. ______ The type of rock that forms from the compaction of sediments. 11. ______ What type of bedrock is found in the Twin Cities area? 12. _____Where most sedimentary rocks form. 13. _____Does sandstone form in deep or shallow water? 14. _____ Igneous rocks that cool inside the Earth have __ crystals and are called __. A -small, intrusive B - small, extrusive C – large, intrusive D – large, extrusive 15. Looking at your rock cycle diagram, what process needs to occur for a metamorphic rock to turn into a sedimentary rock? Fossils 16. Almost all fossils are found in this type of rock. A. Igneous B. Sedimentary C. Metamorphic 17. Fossils are most likely to found in what type(s) of sedimentary rock? A-Conglomerate B-Sandstone C-Shale D-Limestone 18. Fossils that were once wide spread but only lived for a short time are sometimes used to help determine the relative age of a rock. These fossils are known as: A. Conodants B. Trilobites C. Cephalopods D. Index Fossils 19. Which of the following is not a renewable resource? A – Solar B – Wind C – Coal D - Hydroelectric Relative Age: Answer the following questions using the relationships shown in the diagram below. 20. What formation is the youngest? 21. How do you know (which relative dating principle did you use)? 22. Is the shale formation older or younger than the basalt dike? 23. How do you know (which relative dating principle did you use)? Geologic Time 24. Using the diagram above and the events listed below, put the events in order from youngest to oldest A - Intrusion P _______ Youngest B - Unconformity at C _______ C - Deposition of sedimentary layers L,M,N,O,Q _______ D - Tilting (folding) of layers L,M,N,O,Q _______ E - Unconformity B _______ F - Deposition of layer K _______ G - Deposition of layers H,I,J _______ Oldest 25. The principle of cross-cutting states that: A) The youngest rocks occur at the top of a layered section, the oldest at the bottom. B) A rock that cuts across another layer is younger than the layer is cuts across. C) The process of positioning rock layers by superman. D) Most sediments are deposited more or less in horizontal layers. 26. A gap (or erosional surface) in the geologic sequence is called a(n): A. Superposition B. Store in the mall C. Unconformity D. Era 27. The principle of superposition states that: A. The youngest rocks occur at the top of a layered section, the oldest at the bottom. B. A rock that cuts across another layer is younger than the layer is cuts across. C. The process of positioning rock layers by superman. D. Most sediments are deposited more or less in horizontal layers. Constructive and Destructive Forces Fill in the Blank 28. The break-up of rocks; both chemical and mechanical. ___ 29. The transport of Earth materials by natural, moving agents. ___ 30. Forms at the mouth of a river when it empties into quiet or still water. ____ TRUE OR FALSE 31. _______ Natural running water gets its energy from the Sun. 32. _______ Rivers are both constructive and destructive. 33. As mountains become older, erosion slowly wears them away and they become __ A. sharp and angular B. rounded and smooth C. covered in snow D. volcanic 34. River deltas are __ features A. constructive B. destructive 35. River valley’s are __ features A. constructive B. destructive 36. As groundwater moves through a layer of limestone, it dissolves away some of the minerals leaving behind a network of caves. This process is an example of A. mechanical weathering B. chemical weathering TWIN CITIES SECTION (use your drawing to answer the following questions) 37. List two pieces of evidence that would suggest that there was an ocean covering the Twin Cities at one time. 38. ___________________ Is the Twin Cities currently an area of deposition or erosion? 39. Put the following events in order from the oldest to the youngest. Oldest Youngest A - Deposit of the Glacial Drift B - Erosion of sedimentary rock layers C - Deposit of the Hinkley Sandstone D - Erosion by the Mississippi River E - Deposit of the St. Peter Sandstone Glaciers Identify each feature as being formed from a constructive or destructive process. 40. moraine ___________ 41. glacial till (drift) ____________ 42. U-shaped valley ____________ 43. Horn ______________ 44. Drumlin ____________ Structure of the Earth True or False 45. The temperature of the earth’s core is cooler than its mantle. 46. The liquid or “plastic” layer closest to the earth’s surface is called the Asthenosphere. 47. The composition (what it is made of) of the earth’s core is? a) Silicon and Aluminum b) Oxygen and Nitrogen c) Nickel and Aluminum d) Iron and Nickel 48. The outer core of the earth is? a) Liquid and very cold b) Solid and very hot c) Liquid and very hot d) Solid and very cold 49. List the 4 main layers of the Earth starting from the inside and working towards the surface. Plate Tectonics 50. The state of balance between materials of different densities in the Earth's crust. 51. The theory that the Earth's crust is divided into several large pieces that are slowly moving. 52. The name of the large rift zone that runs through the Atlantic ocean and is responsible for "pushing" North America away from Europe. 53. The name given to the convergent boundary that is formed when an ocean plate collides with a continental plate. 54. A good example of an oceanic / continental convergent boundary is ____ a. the Aleutian Islands b. Hawaii c. the Andes Mountains d. the Mid-Atlantic Ridge e. the Himalayan Mountains 55. In a transform fault, the earth’s plates are moving… a) away from each other. b) toward each other. c) sliding by each other. d) vertically to a higher elevation. 56. At the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, the plates are moving… a) away from each other. b) toward each other. c) sliding past each other. 57. The oldest rocks on the Atlantic Ocean floor are located … a) next to the mid-ocean ridge. b) half way between the mid ocean ridge and the coastline of North America. c) at the coastline of North America and Africa. d) there is not have enough information to determine that. 58. Sea floor spreading is caused by… a) the weight of the continental crust pushing down on the outside edges of the plate. b) magma forcing its way through the lithosphere due to convection currents. c) wave action of the ocean waters. d) wave action of the ocean water combined with tidal forces and wind. 59. Convergent plate boundaries can cause ? a) Volcanic mountains and subduction zones b) Ridges and rises c) Trenches and ridges d) Subduction zones and ridges 60. The plates that form the Atlantic Ocean floor are moving at a rate of approximately? a) 2.5 mm per year b) 2.5 cm per year c) 2.5 m per year d) The Atlantic Ocean floor is not moving. 61. What is the name of the plate you are sitting on at this moment? a) The North Atlantic plate b) The Scotia Plate c) The North American plate 62. What type of plate boundaries are andesite and rhyolite volcanoes usually associated with? A-Convergent Boundary (subduction zone) C-Transform Faults B-Divergent Boundary D-Hot Spots True or False 63. Basalt is more dense than granite. 64. In general, the hotter a material the more dense it becomes. 65. Convection currents are caused by? a) Wind currents b) Differences in temperature c) Wave motion d) Light energy 66. Continental plates are primarily comosed of which type of rock? a) granite d. andesite b) rhyolite e. biotite c) basalt 67. Oceanic Plates are primarily composed of which type of rock? a) granite d. andesite b) rhyolite e. biotite c) basalt 68. Who was the first person to propose the idea of continental drift? a) Harry Hess, 1906 b) Alfred Wegener, 1915 c) Nicholas Copernicus, 1543 d) Carrie Underwood (2007) True or False 69. Panda is the name of the super-continent that existed approximately 250 million years ago. 70. Ocean trenches are found along ___ boundaries. A. transform B. divergent C. convergent 71. Subduction zones are found along ___ boundaries. A. transform B. divergent C. convergent 72. Mid-ocean ridges are found along ___ boundaries. A. transform B. divergent C. convergent 73. Most of Earth’s volcanoes, mountains, and earthquakes are caused by: A. the slow movement of plates due to convection currents in the mantle B. weathering and erosion of rock layers C. glacial activity on the continents Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics 74. Composite volcanoes usually occur on/in the ___ and are made up of __ rocks. a) Ocean / Basalt b) Ocean / Andesite and Rhyolite c) Continents / Basalt d) Continents / Andesite and Rhyolite e) Moon / Cheese 75. A good example of where volcanoes have developed over a “hot spot” is? a) Miami Florida C. New Orleans, Louisiana b) Honolulu, Hawaii D. El Paso, Texas 76. Most volcanoes are found… A. along plate boundaries B. in the middle of the plates C. where two continental plates collide D. at a transform boundary 77. Magma that is rich in silica produces volcanoes that are __ and are generally found on __. A. non-explosive, continents B. non-explosive, oceans C. explosive, continents D. explosive, oceans Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics Write either P wave or S wave for questions 78 & 79. 78. Travels faster. 79. Travels slower. 80. Seismic waves travel fastest through (solids, liquids). 81. The name of the fault that runs between California and the Pacific plate. 82. Seismic waves a. transfer energy through the ground. b. move matter through the ground. c. Do not travel through liquids d. do not cause buildings to shake. 83. How many recording stations do you need in order to locate the epicenter of an earthquake? 84. The difference between the arrival of the P wave and the arrival of the S wave is known as the __. 85. A break in the earth’s crust is known as a __. 86. In general, there are more earthquakes? a) In the center of plates. b) In the middle of North America c) At the plate boundaries. d) There is no pattern to where earthquakes occur. 87. The spot underground where the earth’s rock actually breaks, is known as the ______ of the earthquake. 88. Most earthquakes are caused by: A – movement of plates B – Volcanic activity C – GIS modules D – Superman tunneling through the earth.