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The Rise of Islam Global History and Geography I E. Napp Name: ____________________ Date: ____________________ Islam is a monotheistic religion. It was founded by a man from Mecca (Arabia) named Muhammad (Mohammed). Muhammad was involved in the caravan trade and had contact with Jews and Christians. He was also a spiritual man who often went to the caves of Mecca to pray. While praying, he had a vision that commanded him to convert the Arab tribes to a single God, known in Arabic as “Allah”. The Arabic tribes worshipped many gods but Muhammad wanted to convert them to the same God worshipped by Jews and Christians. Muhammad preached his beliefs and developed a large following. As Muhammad’s popularity grew, merchants in Mecca became jealous of his growing influence. Fearing for his life, Muhammad fled from Mecca to the city of Medina in 622 A.D. This event, known as the Hegira, is the starting point of the Muslim (Moslem) calendar. In Medina, Muhammad became a popular religious leader. He gathered an army to retake Mecca in a jihad or “holy war”. In 632 A.D., two years after recapturing Mecca, Muhammad died. His teachings were recorded by his followers in the Qu’ran (Koran), Islam’s holiest book. Questions: 1- Who was Muhammad? ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 2- What did Muhammad experience while praying? ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 3- How did Muhammad change the culture of the Arabian tribes? ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 4- Why did Muhammad flee Mecca? ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 5- What is the Hegira? ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 6- Why was Muhammad able to return to Mecca? ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 7- What is a jihad? ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 8- What is the Qu’ran? ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ The Five Pillars of the Faith The Five Pillars are core Islamic beliefs. A Muslim who fulfills the Five Pillars of Islam, remains in the faith of Islam, and sincerely repents of his sins, will make it to paradise. The First Pillar: Sha’hada This is the Islamic proclamation that "There is no true God except Allah and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah." Allah is the Arabic word for God. Prayer Prayer is performed five times a day. The first prayer is at dawn and the last at sunset. Fasting The month of Ramadan is the month of fasting in Islam. It is an act of worship where the faithful follower denies his own needs and seeks Allah. Usually, this fasting entails no drinking, eating during, or sexual relations during the daylight hours for the entire month of Ramadan. Alms-giving or charity Muslims are expected to give charity to the needy. Pilgrimage (Hajj) This is the pilgrimage to Mecca. All Muslims, if they are able, are to make a pilgrimage to Mecca. It involves financial sacrifice and is an act of worship. Muslims must make the pilgrimage the first half of the last month of the lunar year Please remember: 1- Islam is the name of the religion. 2- Muslims are followers of Islam. 3- Muslims are forbidden to eat pork or drink alcohol. 4- Muslims must fulfill the Five Pillars. 5- A Muslim man may marry four wives. Test Yourself: 1- List the Five Pillars of the Faith: ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 2- What are Muslims forbidden from ingesting (eating or drinking)? ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 3- Polygamy is the act of marrying more than one wife. Monogamy is the act of marrying one wife. Which religions advocate monogamy and which religions advocate polygamy? ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 4- Who was Muhammad and what did he do? ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 5- How did Muhammad change Arabian culture? ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 6- Arabic is the holy language of Islam. Why do you think Arabic is the holy language? ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 7- What is jihad? ____________________________________________ Word Bank: Pilgrimage, Five Pillars, Polygamy, Forbidden, Mosque, Koran, Monotheism, Islam, Ramadan, Cultural Diffusion, Allah, Hegira, Polygamy, Jihad