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Black-Footed Ferret Bottleneck Scenario Names of Team Members: Hypothesis: Materials: Procedures: Data/Observations: Key to Genetic Characteristics Yellow yellow Black black Orange orange Pink pink Dark blue blue Green green Purple purple Red red White white Camouflage Albino Precise Vision thermal vision Accurate sense of smell super-ferret senses Strong claws and forearms unlimited strength and stamina Healthy jaw formation crooked jaw Agility super speed Acute hearing high intelligence Healthy rate of reproduction non-fertile Immunity to canine distemper makes dogs go ape On your Key to Genetic Characteristics, Highlight the COLORS and GENES that your population received through the bottleneck. Analysis: 1. Calculate the percentage of genetic diversity (heterozygosity) of your population. Nine genes (colors) represent 100 percent genetic diversity in the original population. ____3__ genes received / 9 original genes = ___.3___(decimal) x 100= ___30___% 2. List the genetic characteristics (colors) that your population received through the bottleneck. Healthy jaw formation, agility, and immunity to canine distemper 3. List the genetic characteristics that your population lost when it came through the bottleneck. (Colors not received) Camouflage, precise vision, accurate sense of smell, strong claws and forearms, acute hearing, healthy rate of reproduction 4. Using the five environmental situations, write a prediction about what will happen to your population during the coming year. Is the population genetically equipped to survive in its environment? How well or how poorly? How does a high or low percentage of genetic diversity affect the population’s survival? How do random changes in the environment affect the population? 2&4 Our population will most likely survive, but take a hard hit form the eagle, and possibly the road near-by. Our ferrets are fairly well equipped for their environment due to its canine immunity, agility, and healthy jaw formation. We will most likely take some hard hits from the eagle and pollution from the highway, but it may also help provide a food source when prairie dogs are scarce. The more diverse we are, the higher chance we have of adapting to changes in our environment and surviving. Random changes in the environment cause major problems for those with a lack of genetic diversity. 3&7 We will easily survive near the prairie dog towns due to jaw strength and agility so we can catch the prey quickly and eat them easily. The plague would most likely kill us, because the population of prey would be greatly reduced causing food problems for use due to lack of camouflage and eyesight. 10 We do not have the vision or camouflage genes to see the owls and avoid them at night, so we would only survive if they got close enough for us to see them and avoid them with our agility, but we would take a hard hit from the owl regardless. Conclusion: Because of our genes for agility, strong jaws, and canine immunity, we were able to survive most situations but not easily. We could avoid most predators and catch prey when it was abundant and near-by. Extension: Research a threatened species found in our area. You can determine whether genetic diversity within the species had an effect on its depletion. You should also examine whether the species was placed on the threatened list because of degradation or loss of habitat. Check your conclusions with the state’s natural resources agency or a local office of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Species: Wyoming Toad (Bufo baxteri) Reason for decline in population: The original decline may be due to a chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, which has been implicated in amphibian declines worldwide. Check your conclusion: This conclusion has been considered by officials and may have been the cause, but is not confirmed. Honors Class: Discuss the impact of dominant versus recessive traits. Recessive traits have a much lower probability of becoming evident in the population unless the population becomes small enough to interbreed and bring forth those recessive traits, or unless that trait makes the animal better able to survive in its environment. Repeat the activity using two colors for each genetic characteristic (to represent dominant and recessive traits). For instance, dark blue beads could represent healthy jaw formation and light blue beads could represent a jaw malformation or deformity. Also use separate containers for each characteristic, and have students pick two beads form each of those containers. If the group receives only recessive color beads for a characteristic, then the recessive trait will be expressed. If the group receives only dominant color beads or if it receives a mix of dominant and recessive color beads for that characteristic, then the dominant trait will be expressed. (If the color selection of beads is limited, another token, such as colored paper squares, may be used.) 2 The ferret in this scenario would most likely survive due to its super speed. It could easily out run the eagle and get to safety even if they didn’t see it until the last minute.