Download 1030ExamIII

Organismal Biology 1030 A & B, Section Three Exam, Spring 2010
1.
Physiology, in its broad sense, is a study of:
A. The earth and other planets of the solar system
B. The oceans and their inhabitants
C. The mechanisms, actions, and functions of the parts of living organisms
D. The human mind
E. The interactions of the stars, sun, and moon on human lives
2.
The ‘great chain’ of biological complexity is:
A. Atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms
B. Elements, crystals, minerals, rocks, aggregates
C. Atoms, molecules, polymers, plastics, made-in-China toys
D. DNA, RNA, protein
E. Bacteria, archaea, protists, algae, plants, fungi, animals
3.
Which statement does not apply to phytoplankton?
A. They are small aquatic, mostly unicellular, organisms that use oxygenic photosynthesis
B. They comprise around 80% of all photosynthetic organisms on the planet
C. They are all one particular type (genus species) of organism
D. They produce from 40% to 80% of the earth’s atmospheric oxygen gas
E. They need light to live
4.
Finish the sentence . . . Phytoplankton:
A. Do not contribute to the aquatic food chain in any significant amount
B. Use chlorophyll
C. Are only found in fresh water
D. Are found in very, very deep water, beyond where light can reach
E. Do not include organisms called dinoflagellates, diatoms, algae, and cyanobacteria
5.
The main vegetative parts of plants include:
A. Roots, flowers and stems
B. Roots, stems and leaves
C. Fruits, flowers and leaves
D. Stems, roots, flowers, leaves and fruits
E. Flowers and fruits only
6.
The shoot of a plant is:
A. The above ground part of a plant
B. The below ground part of a plant
C. The stem of the plant
D. The leaves, flowers and fruits of a plant
E. Hollow stems that can be made into blowguns
7.
Which of the following is not a function of the root of a plant?
A. Produce energy that the plant can use to carry out metabolism
B. Anchor the plant
C. Absorb water
D. Absorb mineral nutrients for the plant
E. Form beneficial relationships with microorganisms, thereby increasing the plant's ability to obtain nutrients
8.
The point at which one or more leaves attach to the stem of a plant is a:
A. Petiole
B. Internode
C. Node
D. Axillary bud
E. Sieve plate
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9.
Internodes of plants are:
A. Located on the roots
B. Located on the stems
C. Dormant periods of time between rapid growth stages
D. Periods of time between releasing of pollen
E. Located on the male flower parts
10. The two main parts of a leaf are the:
A. Node and internode
B. Axillary bud and blade
C. Node and axillary bud
D. Blade and petiole
E. Blade and fruit
11. The part of a plant that is the stalk-like support for a leaf is the:
A. Petiole
B. Node
C. Internode
D. Blade
E. Companion cell
12. Compound leaves are defined as being divided into:
A. Blades
B. Leaflets
C. Companion cells
D. Stomata
E. Lateral meristems
13. The primary root of certain plants that enlarges and persists throughout the life of the plant is:
A. A fibrous root
B. A companion root
C. A taproot
D. A rhizome
E. A stolon
14. Stems that grow along the soil surface asexually forming new plants at their nodes are:
A. Rhizoids
B. Stolons
C. Rhizomes
D. Tubers
E. Tendrils
15. Stems that grow underground and produce roots and new shoots are:
A. Rhizoids
B. Stolons
C. Rhizomes
D. Tubers
E. Tendrils
16. Swollen regions of underground stems that store starch are:
A. Rhizoids
B. Stolons
C. Rhizomes
D. Tubers
E. Tendrils
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17. Stems that coil around surrounding objects for support are:
A. Rhizoids
B. Stolons
C. Rhizomes
D. Tubers
E. Tendrils
18. An embryonic leaf of a plant is a:
A. Petiole
B. Cotyledon
C. Rhizoid
D. Sepal
E. Tracheoid
19. Which of the following is not an example of an edible root?
A. Beet
B. Carrot
C. Onion
D. Turnip
E. Sweet potato
20. Which of the following is not an edible reproductive part of a plant, i.e. biologically is not a fruit?
A. Broccoli
B. Tomato
C. Corn
D. Celery
E. Walnut
21. Which of the following is not an edible vegetative part of a plant, i.e. is not biologically a vegetable?
A. Cucumber
B. Potato
C. Beet
D. Onion
E. Asparagus
22. If a plant exhibits determinate growth the plant:
A. Continues to grow until the environment determines that it can not
B. Produces auxiliary roots to help stabilize the plant
C. Sends out tendrils to support the plant
D. Stops growing when the plant reaches its mature size
E. Produces seeds only at one time during its life
23. The source of a plant's new cells is a type of plant tissue called its:
A. Tracheid
B. Protostem
C. Cortex
D. Mesophyll
E. Meristem
24. The patch of actively dividing cells that is found near the tip of roots and shoots of plants is the:
A. Lateral meristem
B. Apical meristem
C. Intercalary meristem
D. Tracheid
E. Vascular bundle
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25. The tissue that produces cells to thicken, i.e. expand sideways, a root or stem is the:
A. Lateral meristem
B. Apical meristem
C. Intercalary meristem
D. Tracheid
E. Vascular bundle
26. The main phloem conducting cells are:
A. Sieve tube elements and sieve tube plates
B. Tracheids and vessel element
C. Companion cells
D. Guard cells
E. Epidermal
27. Conducting cells in xylem are:
A. Sieve tube elements and sieve tube plates
B. Tracheids and vessel elements
C. Companion cells
D. Guard cells
E. Epidermal
28. The _____________ transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots of the plant to the shoots of the plant.
A. Guard cells
B. Phloem
C. Xylem
D. Epidermis
E. Stomata
29. The ____________ transports dissolved organic compounds such as sugars from the leaves throughout the plant.
A. Guard cells
B. Phloem
C. Xylem
D. Epidermis
E. Stomata
30. A waxy layer secreted by the epidermal cells of a plant is the:
A. Cuticle
B. Stomata
C. Guard cell
D. Xylem
E. Phloem
31. The primary organ of photosynthesis in most plants is the:
A. Stomata
B. Leaf
C. Bark
D. Stem
E. Chlorophyll
32. Nutrients that an organism needs in fairly large amounts are referred to as:
A. Total nutrients
B. Micronutrients
C. Solid nutrients
D. Macronutrients
E. Vitamins
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33. Natural soil is not composed of:
A. broken rock
B. Clay and/or sand
C. Organic compounds
D. Decaying plant and animal remains
E. Vermiculite
34. Most carnivorous plants use their prey as a primary source of:
A. Nitrogen
B. Energy
C. Carbon
D. Phosphorous
E. Potassium
35. Fertilizers do not normally supply which of the following nutrients:
A. Nitrogen
B. Phosphorous
C. Potassium
D. Sulfur
E. Most fertilizers have all these nutrients
36. A chemically complex, hard to digest spongy organic substance, containing carbon, found in topsoil is:
A. Sand
B. Silt
C. Humus
D. Gravel
E. Litter
37. Which of the following is not an element taken in primarily by the roots of the plant?
A. Carbon
B. Nitrogen
C. Potassium
D. Phosphorous
E. Calcium
38. Nitrogen is made available to most plants:
A. Through their stomata
B. Through their roots
C. Through their leaves
D. Through their stems
E. From the atmosphere
39. Nitrogen fixation is the process of:
A. Converting ammonia to atmospheric nitrogen gas
B. Converting atmospheric nitrogen gas to ammonia
C. Adding nitrates or ammonia to the soil with fertilizers
D. Plants taking nitrates or ammonia from the soil
E. Regulating the amount of nitrogen in the soil
40. The bacterium Rhizobium does not:
A. Trigger the development of root nodules in legumes
B. Enter plants through the root hairs
C. Live symbiotically within plant cells
D. Break the covalent bond in N2 gas forming ammonia in the process
E. Cause disease in infected plants
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41. Which of the following is not a legume?
A. Peas
B. Beans
C. Soybeans
D. Corn
E. Alfalfa
42. The assimilation of atmospheric nitrogen into organic compounds can only be achieved by which type of
organism:
A. Bacteria
B. Fungi
C. Plants
D. Animals
E. Algae
43. The evaporation of water from the leaf of a plant is:
A. Transpiration
B. Totally prevented by the leaf's cuticle
C. Hydrolysis
D. Condensation
E. Sublimation
44. Water is not used by plants for:
A. Transporting dissolved minerals
B. Hydrolysis
C. Photosynthesis
D. Keeping the plant warm
E. Keeping mesophyll cells moist for gas diffusion
45. The pressure placed on the inside of a cell membrane of a plant by water in central vacuoles is called:
A. Adhesion
B. Cohesion
C. Osmosis
D. Turgor
E. Hydrolysis
46. The tendency of water molecules to "cling" to each other is called:
A. Adhesion
B. Hydrolysis
C. Condensation
D. Evaporation
E. Cohesion
47. The attraction of a molecule to another type of substance, e.g. water to xylem elements, is:
A. Adhesion
B. Hydrolysis
C. Condensation
D. Evaporation
E. Cohesion
48. The concentration of solutes in most soil is usually lower than the concentration of solutes in root cells, so water
enters the roots by:
A. Hydrostatic pressure
B. Cohesion
C. Osmosis
D. Adhesion
E. Hydrolysis
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49. Water and minerals can move through a root's intracellular pathway from one cell to another through:
A. Stomata
B. Guard cells
C. Companion cells
D. Plasmodesmata
E. The Casparian strip
50. Carbon dioxide enters a plant from the atmosphere through pores called:
A. Guard cells
B. Companion cells
C. Mesophyll cells
D. Stomata
E. Plasmodesmata
51. The cells that surround each gas exchange pore and control its opening and closing are:
A. Guard cells
B. Companion cells
C. Mesophyll cells
D. Stomata
E. Plasmodesmata
52. If water is abundant a plant's guard cells will ______________ and the stomata will _________________.
A. Swell, close
B. Collapse, close
C. Collapse, open
D. Swell, open
E. Bathe, watch
53. In the pressure flow theory, parts of a plant that do not carry out photosynthesis or otherwise produce sugar are:
A. Sources
B. Sinks
C. Reservoirs
D. Aqueducts
E. Companion cells
54. An herbarium is not:
A. A collection of dried plant specimens
B. A permanent repository of specimens and data
C. A nursery that specializes in growing herbs
D. A collection that requires vouchers for each specimen
E. A valuable collection for researchers and teachers
55. Herbarium specimens will last how long, if properly cared for?
A. Two years
B. Ten years
C. Fifty years
D. One hundred years
E. Indefinitely
56. Key angiosperm adaptations that contribute to angiosperms’ widespread distribution do not include:
A. The production of pollen
B. The production of seeds
C. The production of flowers
D. The production of fruits
E. The production of spores
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57. Advantages of sexual reproduction in all organisms include:
A. Offspring are genetically identical to their parent
B. Adaptive advantages in a changing environment
C. Adaptive advantages in a constant environment
D. Rapid, safe, and ultra-efficient reproduction
E. Enjoyment for its participants
58. ‘Higher’ plant “alternation of generations” means that ‘higher’ plants have a:
A. Multicellular generation and unicellular generation
B. Conspicuous diploid sporophyte generation and inconspicuous haploid gametophyte generation
C. Conspicuous haploid sporophyte generation and inconspicuous diploid gametophyte generation
D. Inconspicuous diploid sporophyte generation and conspicuous haploid gametophyte generation
E. Inconspicuous haploid sporophyte generation and conspicuous diploid gametophyte generation
59. Clones are not:
A. Offspring that are genetically identical to their parent
B. Produced by asexual reproduction
C. Produced by sexual reproduction
D. Involved in Aspen tree reproduction and dispersal
E. Produced by plant calli in laboratory settings
60. Things that grafting an aerial part (scion) of a plant to a root stock do not achieve include:
A. One can choose a root stock suited to a particular type of soil
B. One can choose a particular quality of fruit
C. One can choose a root stock that is resistant to certain diseases
D. A reliable means of asexual reproduction
E. A reliable means of sexual reproduction
61. The sporophyte generation of a plant is _________________ and produces ___________________ spores.
A. Diploid, haploid
B. Triploid, diploid
C. Haploid, diploid
D. Triploid, haploid
E. Multicellular, diploid
62. In all major groups of multicellular organisms _______________ produces the cells that begin the haploid
generation, and _________________ unites the gametes to begin the diploid generation.
A. Mitosis, pollination
B. Pollination, fertilization
C. Fertilization, meiosis
D. Fertilization, mitosis
E. Meiosis, fertilization
63. The number of similar anatomical parts called whorls that make up a flower is:
A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Four
E. Five
64. Whorl one, also called the calyx, is the outermost whorl of a flower, and is made up of:
A. The female reproductive parts of a flower
B. The male reproductive parts of a flower
C. The sepals
D. The petals
E. The stem region
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65. Whorl two, also called the corolla, of a flower is made up of:
A. The female reproductive parts of a flower
B. The male reproductive parts of a flower
C. The sepals
D. The petals
E. The stem region
66. Whorl three, also called the stamen, of a flower is made up of:
A. The female reproductive parts of a flower
B. The male reproductive parts of a flower
C. The sepals
D. The petals
E. The stem region
67. Whorl four, also called the carpel, of a flower is made up of:
A. The female reproductive parts of a flower
B. The male reproductive parts of a flower
C. The sepals
D. The petals
E. The stem region
68. The pollen producing organ of a flower is the:
A. Stigma
B. Style
C. Anther
D. Ovary
E. Sepal
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The egg-bearing structure of a flower is the:
A. Stigma
B. Style
C. Anther
D. Ovary
E. Sepal
70. The portion of a flower that receives the pollen is the:
A. Stigma
B. Style
C. Anther
D. Ovary
E. Sepal
71. Floral haploid microspores (male) do not produce:
A. Pollen grains
B. The embryo sac
C. The young male gametophyte generation
D. A two-celled, thick-walled structure
E. Daughter cells through mitosis
72. Floral haploid megaspores (female) do not produce:
A. Pollen grains
B. The embryo sac
C. The young female gametophyte generation
D. Eight nuclei in seven cells
E. Daughter cells through mitosis
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73. Pollination is the transfer of pollen from a(n) _______________ to a receptive ________________.
A. Ovary, stigma
B. Anther, stigma
C. Stigma, ovary
D. Stigma, anther
E. Style, filament
74. The main pollinators of flowers that have cues visible under the ultraviolet wavelengths of sunlight are:
A. Insects
B. Birds
C. Bats
D. Humans
E. Self-pollination
75. The function of the endosperm and/or cotyledon is:
A. Protection of the embryo
B. Detection of photoperiod
C. Detection of gravity
D. To produce ethylene
E. Nourishment of the embryo
76. Functions of fruits do not include:
A. Protection of seeds
B. Dispersal of seeds by the wind or rain
C. Dispersal of seeds by the fur of animals (or clothing of humans)
D. Dispersal of seeds by animals eating the fruit, then defecating the seeds
E. Nourishment of the embryo
77. The type of fruit that is derived from one flower with one carpel is a ______________ fruit.
A. Simple
B. Double
C. Aggregate
D. Axillary
E. Multiple
78. An example of a multiple fruit (tightly clustered flowers whose ovaries fuse as the fruit develops) is a:
A. Blackberry
B. Pineapple
C. Peach
D. Pepper
E. Strawberry
79. The resumption of growth and development after a period of seed dormancy is broken is:
A. Fertilization
B. Pollination
C. Stagnation
D. Germination
E. Transpiration
80. The hormone linked to the saying "one bad apple spoils the bushel" and that ripens fruit is:
A. Auxin
B. Jasmonic acid
C. Ascisic acid
D. Giberellin
E. Ethylene
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81. A region of separation that forms near the base of the leaf's petiole when the leaf is shed is the:
A. Casparian strip
B. Mesophyll
C. Statolith
D. Endosperm
E. Abscission zone
82. A plant hormone that slows down growth and seed germination, and causes leaf abscission is:
A. Ethylene
B. Jasmonic acid
C. Auxin
D. Giberellin
E. Abscisic acid
83. Auxins promote:
A. Cell elongation, particularly in above ground portions of a plant
B. Cell division, particularly in above ground portions of a plant
C. Cell division and elongation in most all parts of a plant
D. The onset of plant dormancy
E. The onset of plant leaf abscission
84. Cytokinins promote:
A. Cell elongation, particularly in below ground portions of a plant
B. Cell division, particularly in below ground portions of a plant
C. Cell division and elongation in most all parts of a plant
D. The onset of plant dormancy
E. The onset of plant leaf abscission
85. Gibberellins promote:
A. Cell elongation, particularly in below ground portions of a plant
B. Cell division, particularly in below ground portions of a plant
C. Cell division and elongation in most all parts of a plant
D. The onset of plant dormancy
E. The onset of plant leaf abscission
86. Jasmonic acid does not do the following:
A. Helps defend plants by stimulating the creation of protease inhibitors that interfere with caterpillars’ digestion
B. Causes plants to make a gas that attracts wasps that are parasitic on caterpillars
C. ‘Tells’ other plants to also make jasmonic acid
D. Is seen in action in plants such as tomatoes
E. Stimulate plant growth by encouraging cell division and elongation
87. Phytochromes are a type of plant:
A. Photoreceptor molecule
B. Molecule that has no effect on the plant’s genes or phenotype
C. Molecule that assist in photosynthesis
D. Pigment molecule that absorbs blue light
E. Molecule that has psychoactive properties
88. Plant photoreceptors help the plant in:
A. Phototropism
B. Thigmotropism
C. Gravitropism
D. Eurotropism
E. Chemitropism
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89. The photoperiod is not:
A. The amount of daylight
B. A measure that changes depending on the season
C. A measure that plants use, some being long-day, others being short-day
D. A measure that relates to circadian rhythms
E. The length of time a camera lens is open to light
90. Gravitropism is:
A. How much gravity occurs in the tropics
B. The lack of gravity in outer space
C. A plant’s response to gravity
D. A plant’s response to contact with other objects
E. A plant’s response to light
91. Statoliths are probably involved in:
A. Phototropism
B. Thigmotropism
C. Gravitropism
D. Eurotropism
E. Chemitropism
92. Thigmotropism is:
A. A plant’s response to gravity
B. A plant’s response to contact with other objects
C. A plant’s response to light
D. A plant’s response to music
E. A plant’s response to temperature
93. Plant senescence does not include and/or describe:
A. The natural aging of plants
B. The changing of leaves to various shades of brown and then falling off in the Autumn in deciduous plants
C. Plants switching their metabolism from synthesis to breakdown
D. Periodicity with the annual seasons
E. Mechanisms for increased water usage
94. A state of decreased metabolism in plants is called:
A. Germination
B. Fertilization
C. Dormancy
D. Hibernation
E. Abscission
95. According to the Botany of Desire, the apple was spread across the US Western Territory mainly because of:
A. Their delicious, sweet, edible fruit
B. The readily production of a fermented alcoholic beverage (hard cider) from its fruit
C. The American Black Bear’s like of the fruit
D. The saying “an apple a day, keeps the doctor away”
E. The National Prohibition Act
96. Agricultural monocultures are a very bad idea for many reasons; these include:
A. They require much less pesticide than other types of agriculture
B. The population is very susceptible to environmental pests and disease
C. The population is less susceptible to environmental pests and disease
D. Far greater yields of economically desirable strains can be grown
E. Far smaller yields of economically desirable strains can be grown
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97. Also according the Botany of Desire, Cannabis has been extensively bred and distributed about the world:
A. By humans in search of an intoxicant
B. By birds that eat the seeds
C. Because it readily hybridizes and grows in varied climates
D. It has not been extensively bred and does not grow all over the world
E. Because of its widespread prohibition
98. Cannabis’ psychoactive component, THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), is not:
A. Directly manufactured by the plant
B. Manufactured by humans from the plant
C. A chemical that mimics an endogenous (naturally inside of us) chemical named anandamide
D. Similar to an endogenous (naturally inside of us) chemical system that helps us to forget
E. A chemical that vertebrates desire
99. What did you fill in on the side of the computerized answer sheet?
A. My name (last name first), the course and section number, and the date
B. Nothing!
C. Something illegible!
D. Only my name!
E. None of your business
100. What did you fill in on the very end of the computerized answer sheet?
A. My VSU student ID, printed and bubbled in
B. Nothing!
C. Something illegible!
D. The wrong VSU student ID!
E. Only the printed number, no bubbles!
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