Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
The Muscular System CH. 10 Part 2 Muscles of the Head and Face • Important in facial expressions • All but one innervated by CN VII (facial nerve) – Levator palpebrae superioris Fig. 10.7a Fig. 10.7b Bell Palsy • Idoipathic facial nerve paralysis • Results from disease or injury to CN VII • Treatments include steroids and antiviral medication DR P. MARAZZI/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY Muscles of the Neck forums.tigsource.com crossfitsouthbay.com Neck Muscles • Sternocleidomastoid – O – manubrium and medial part of clavicle – I – Mastoid process and lateral side of nuchal line – Action • bilateral, flexion of head • Unilateral, tilting head up and to side, rotating head. • Digastric – O – mastoid notch of temporal bone, digastric fossa of mandible – I – hyoid bone – Action • When hyoid fixed, opens mouth wide • When mandible fixed, elevates hyoid • Mylohyoid – O – Mylohyoid line near inferior margin of mandible – I – hyoid bone – Action • Forms floor of mouth, elevates floor of mouth during initial phases of swallowing Muscles of the Arm m.eb.com healthtwo.wikispaces.com Muscles of the Arm • Biceps Brachii – O – long head, sup. margin of glenoid cavity; short head, coracoid process – I – tuberosity of radius, fascia – Action • Synergist in elbow flexion, supination of wrist • Brachialis – O – anterior surface of distal humerus – I – Coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna – Action • Prime mover in elbow flexion • Triceps Brachii – O – Long head, inf. margin of glenoid cavity; lateral head, posterior surface of proximal end of humerus; medial head, posterior surface of humeral shaft – I – olecranon, fascia of forearm – Action • Extends elbow, long head extends and adducts humerus Muscles of the Forearm britannica.com makeoverfitness.com Muscles of the Forearm • Brachioradialis – O – lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus – I – Lateral surface of radius near styloid process – Action • Flexes elbow www2.brevard.edu • http://patticarothersonline.org/cat_muscles_ of_the_forearm_photo.htm Muscles of the Chest, Abdomen, and Back britannica.com boddunan.com Muscles of the Back muscleblitz.com Muscles of the Neck, Chest, and Back • Trapezius – O – External occipital protuberance, medial third of superior nuchal line and nuchal ligament, spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T3 or T4 – I – acromion and spine of scapula, lateral third of clavicle – Action • Extends and laterally flexes neck • Stabilizes scapula and shoulder during arm movements • Elevates and depresses apex of shoulders Muscles of the Neck, Chest, and Back • Erector spinae – Function to maintain posture and to help stand erect • Bilateral contraction – extend vertebral column • Unilateral contraction – lateral flexion of vertebral column – Organized into three groups • Iliocostalis – Cervicis, thoracis, lumborum • Longissimus – Capitis, cervicis, thoracis • Spinalis – Capitis, cervicis, thoracis Fig. 10.17 Fig. 10.18 Muscles of Neck, Chest, and Back • Latissimus Dorsi – O – Vertebrae T7 – L5, lower 3-4 ribs, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia – I – Floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus – Action • Adducts and medially rotates humerus , extends shoulder joint, produces backward swing of arm • Pectoralis major – O – Medial half of clavicle, costal cartilages 1-7, aponeurosis of external oblique – I – Lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus – Action • Flexes, adducts, and medially rotates humerus Muscles of the Legs ultimatepersonaltrainerstoolbox.com m.eb.com Muscles of the Legs • Rectus Femoris – O – Ilium at anterior inferior spine and superior margin of acetabulum, capsule of hip joint – I – patella, tibial tuberosity, lateral and medial condyles of tibia – Action • • Extends the knee, flexes thigh at hip, flexes trunk on hip of thigh is fixed Vastus Lateralis – O – greater trochanter and intertrochanteric line, gluteal tuberosity, and linea aspera – I – same as rectus femoris – Action • • Extends knee, retains patella during knee movements Vastus Medialis – O – Femur at intertrochanteric line, spiral line, linea aspera, and medial supracondylar line – I – Same as rectus femoris – Action • • Same as vastus lateralis Sartorius – O – on and near anterior superior spine of ilium – I – medial surface of proximal end of tibia – Action • Aids in knee and hip flexion, abducts and laterally rotates thigh Muscles of the Legs • Biceps Femoris – O – Long head, ischial tuberosity; short head linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur – I – head of fibula – Action • Flexes knee, extends hip , laterally rotates femur when hip is extended • Semitendinosis – O – ischial tuberosity – I – Medial surface of upper tibia – Action • Flexes knee, medially rotates tibia on femor when knee is flexed, medially rotates femur when hip is extended • Semimembranosus – O – Ischial tuberosity – I – medial condyle and margin of tibia, intercondylar line and lateral condyle of femur, ligament of popliteal region – Action • Same as semitendinosus Muscles of the Lower Leg health.com Compartment Syndrome • Limb muscles organized into compartments – Area of functionally related muscles, blood vessels and nerves surrounded by deep fascia • If blood vessels damaged – Fluid can accumulate in compartment – Pressure build up results in degenerative events • Nerve cell and muscle cell death result from ischemia • Treatments – Resting and immobilizing limb – fasciotomy www.orthoandsportspt.com