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Cranial Nerves and Spinal Cord Flashcards 1. 2. Name the cranial nerves What is Cranial Nerve I called, and what doesI.it do? 3. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves, numbered with Roman numerals. Make sure you know the NAME AND the Roman numerals! I Olfactory II Optic III Occulomotor IV Trochlear V Trigeminal VI Abducens VII Facial VIII Vestibulocochlear IX Glossopharyngeal X Vagus XI Accessory Nerve XII Hypoglossal OLFACTORY nerves Transmits the sense of smell. Scientists who are trying to find a way to make neurons divide to heal nerve injuries often study the body’s only mitotic neurons. These neurons are the 4. What is Cranial Nerve II called, and what does it do? olfactory receptors 5. III Occulomotor Nerve: this controls most of the extrinsic muscles of the eye (that move the eyeball). They also have parasympathetic innervation in the iris (pupil) and cilliary (controls the lens). IV. Trochlear Nerve: supplies one of the extrinsic eye muscles V. Trigeminal Nerve: This is the main sensory nerve of the face. It has a large branch that passes through the foramen ovale of the skull. What is Cranial Nerve III called, and what does it do? 6. What is Cranial Nerve IV called, and what does it do? 7. What is Cranial Nerve V called, and what does it do? 8. What hole does Cranial Nerve V pass through in the skull? 9. Irritation of CN V is called what? II. OPTIC NERVE: Transmits visual information from the eye’s retina. 10. What is Cranial Nerve VI called, and what does it do? Problems with CN-V are called TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA, which is excruciating pain in the face from nerve inflammation. VI: Abducens controls one of the eye muscles (lateral rectus). 11. What is Cranial Nerve VII called, and what does it do? VII Facial Nerve: This innervates the muscles of facial expression and salivary glands. 12. A person who cannot blink or smile may have damage to what nerve? VII Facial Nerve Cranial Nerves and Spinal Cord Flashcards 13. A person who cannot easily taste sweet, sour, or salty substances has damage to what nerve? 14. The primary gustatory (taste) cortex is located in which lobe of the brain? 15. Bell’s Palsy is damage to what nerve? What other disorder does it look like? 16. What is Cranial Nerve VIII called, and what does it do? 17. What is Cranial Nerve IX called, and what three things does it do? 18. What is Cranial Nerve X called, and what three things does it do? 19. Which cranial nerve travels into the abdomen? 20. The majority of all parasympathetic fibers (90%) are from what cranial nerve? 21. What is Cranial Nerve XI called, and what does it do? 22. What is Cranial Nerve XII called, and what does it do? 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. What does damage to Cranial Nerve XII cause? Define a GANGLION (plural is ganglia) Are they motor or sensory? Are they in the CNS, PNS, or both? Where are the cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the spinal nerves located? 28. Most synapses are in what part of the nervous system? 29. Where are their cell bodies of interneurons? 30. Where do interneurons synapse? 31. What is another name for interneurons? 32. The complexity of the CNS can be attributed to what? 33. What types of sensory information are conveyed toward the brain in the spinothalamic tracts? A person who cannot easily taste sweet, sour, or salty substances has damage to what nerve? VII Facial Nerve Parietal lobe BELL’S PALSY is damage of the facial nerve Needs to be distinguished from a stroke. VIII. VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR nerve transmits hearing and balance. IX: GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL signals the pharynx to constrict (along with X) during swallowing. Innervates top of tongue Carries information from baroreceptors X Vagus Nerve Parasympathetic supply to organs Moves the larynx during speech Signals pharynx to constrict during swallowing (with CN IX) Carries information from baroreceptors X Vagus Nerve X Vagus Nerve XI: ACCESSORY NERVE enters the skull through foramen magnum and leaves through the jugular foramen. It just supplies the shoulder muscles. XII. HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE (hypo=under; glossal=tongue) - supplies the under surface of the tongue. Damage causes impairment of speech. Ganglion = a group of neuron cell bodies. Some are motor, some are sensory. All ganglia are in the PNS only Posterior root ganglion Most synapses are in the CNS Their cell bodies are in the dorsal half of the gray matter in the spinal cord. on the cell body of the motor neuron association neurons The complexity of the CNS can be attributed to Interneurons Pain and temperature Cranial Nerves and Spinal Cord Flashcards 34. What region of the brain interprets signals for touch and temperature? 35. What is the difference between a nerve and a tract? 36. WHAT IS AN UPPER MOTOR NEURON? 37. What is a LOWER (SOMATIC) MOTOR NEURON? 38. What region of the brain contains the upper motor neurons? 39. When the nerves leave the spinal cord, they travel together in what? 40. Give one example 41. Starting at the spinal cord and preceding laterally, the subdivisions of a plexus are in what order? 42. What do PROPRIOCEPTION neurons sense? 43. An example of a test for proprioception is…? 44. How many spinal nerves are there? 45. What do lower motor neurons do? Somatosensory association area Inside the brain nerves are called tracts; outside the brain, they are called nerves (for example, optic and olfactory nerves are outside the CNS, while optic and olfactory tracts are inside the CNS) Upper motor neuron: cell body is in the brain, synapses on a lower motor neuron (in the spinal cord) Lower motor neuron: cell body is in the spinal cord, and synapses on skeletal muscle. Primary motor cortex a plexus. One of these is known as the brachial plexus (in the armpit; innervates the muscles of the arm). rami, trunks, divisions, cords the amount of force and movement in muscles and joints to determine the body’s present position Close eyes and touch finger to nose. 31 Pairs Carry motor commands to the skeletal muscles