Download Chapters 12-13 Practice Quiz/Questions

Biology 2121 - Practice Review Questions
Chapter 13 - PNS
Name___________________________________
MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1.
Match the following:
1) Formed by the union of a cranial
and a spinal root.
2) Receptors located in epithelium of
A) Olfactory
1) _______
B) Accessory
2) _______
the nasal cavity.
C) Vestibulocochlear
3) Serves the senses of hearing and
3) _______
equilibrium.
D) Vagus
4) Helps to regulate blood pressure
E) Abducens
4) _______
and digestion.
5) Turns the eyeball laterally.
Match the following reflexes to their function:
6) Tests both upper and lower motor
pathways. The sole of the foot is
stimulated with a dull instrument
extension.
7) Checks the integrity of the spinal
5) _______
A) Plantar
6) _______
A) Abdominal
7) _______
cord and dorsal rami at the level of
T8 to T12.
B) Stretch
8) Produces a rapid withdrawal of the
8) _______
body part from a painful stimulus;
ipsilateral.
C) Flexor
9) Prevents muscle overstretching and
9) _______
maintains muscle tone.
Match the following:
10) The obturator and femoral nerves
branch from this plexus.
11) Striking the funny bone may cause
A) Lumbar plexus
injury to a nerve of this plexus.
10) ______
B)Cervic
al plexus
11)
_____
_
C) Sacral plexus
12) Trauma to a nerve of this plexus
12) ______
may cause wrist drop.
D) Brachial plexus
13) Improper administration of an
13) ______
injection to the buttocks may injure
a nerve of this plexus.
14) The phrenic nerve branches from
14) ______
this plexus.
Match the following:
15) Regulates motor activity.
A) Projection level
15) ______
16) Central pattern generators.
B) Precommand level
16) ______
17) Intermediate relay for incoming and
C) Segmental level
17) ______
outgoing neurons.
18) The cerebellum and basal nuclei.
18) ______
19) Includes cortical and brain stem
19) ______
motor areas.
20) The neural machinery of the spinal
20) ______
cord.
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the
question.
21) ________ are modified free-nerve endings found in the stratum germinativum.
21) ____________
22) The perineurium defines the boundary of a ________.
22) ____________
23) The ________ nerve is the largest of the cranial nerves.
23) ____________
24) Ventral spinal cord roots contain ________ fibers, while the dorsal roots contain
24) ____________
________ fibers.
25) The facial nerve is cranial nerve number ________.
25) ____________
26) ________ is a protective reflex that overrides the spinal pathways and prevents any
26) ____________
other reflexes from using them at the same time.
27) ________ is the tingling sensation or numbness when blood has been cut off from an
27) ____________
area, as when the foot "goes to sleep."
28) Pain perception is involved in the ________ ascending pathways of the somatosensory
28) ____________
system.
29) Complex motor behavior such as walking depends on ________ patterns.
29) ____________
30) Define Golgi tendon organs and muscle spindles relative to the stretch reflex.
30) ____________
31) What is the normal response of the plantar reflex? What is Babinski's sign and what
31) ____________
does it indicate?
32) List and describe the functions of the three cranial nerves that serve the muscles of the
32) ____________
eye.
33) What is the benefit of having the nerve supply of the diaphragm, which is located in
33) ____________
the thoracic-lumbar area of the spinal cord, arise from cervical nerves?
34) Name three unencapsulated sensory receptors and tell what they are used for.
34) ____________
35) When we hear a strange sound in a room what perceptual level is activated?
35) ____________
36) What is Wallerian degeneration?
36) ____________
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
B
A
C
D
E
6)
7)
8)
9)
A
A
C
B
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
A
D
D
C
B
15)
16)
17)
18)
19)
20)
B
C
A
B
A
C
21) Merkel discs
22) fascicle
23) trigeminal
24) motor (efferent); sensory (afferent)
25) VII
26) Flexor (polysynaptic) reflex
27) Ischemia
28) nonspecific
29) fixed-action
30) Golgi tendon organs work with muscle spindles to act as proprioceptors in skeletal muscles and their associated
tendons. When muscles are stretched due to contraction of antagonist muscles, the sensory neurons send impulses
to the spinal cord, where they synapse with motor neurons of the stretched muscle. Impulses are then sent to the
stretched muscle, which then resists further stretching. This prevents muscle tissue damage.
31) The plantar reflex tests the integrity of the spinal cord from L4 to S2 and also determines if corticospinal tracts are
functioning and properly myelinated. The normal plantar response is downward flexion of the toes. If there is
damage, the great toe dorsiflexes and smaller toes fan laterally (Babinski's sign). Infants, who normally lack
complete myelination, exhibit this sign.
32) The three cranial nerves are: oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens. The oculomotor is mostly motor, with branches
to the inferior oblique and superior, inferior, and medial rectus muscles, as well as to the muscles of the iris and
lens. The trochlear supplies mostly motor fibers to the superior oblique muscles of the eye. The abducens supplies
mostly motor fibers to the lateral rectus muscles of the eye.
33) The fact that the phrenic nerve originates so high in the spinal cord reduces the likelihood of spinal damage above
the phrenic origin, thereby reducing the possibility that a spinal injury would stop the diaphragm from working.
34) 1. Free nerve endings are found throughout the body. They are used by most body tissues to determine
stretching, joint positioning, etc. In the epidermis they become pain receptors, heat and cold receptors, and possibly
very light pressure receptors.
2. Modified free nerve endings called Merkel disks. They are used as light touch receptors.
3. Hair follicle receptors are mechanical receptors that become very fine touch receptors.
35) The perceptual detection level is the only level acted upon. In some cases this alone allows our imagination to go
"wild" with possibilities.
36) The complete degeneration of the distal end of an axon after it has been severed.