Download Cranial Nerves and Spinal Cord Flashcards

Cranial Nerves and Spinal Cord Flashcards
1.
2.
Name the cranial nerves
What is Cranial Nerve I called, and what doesI.it
do?
3.
There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves, numbered with
Roman numerals. Make sure you know the NAME
AND the Roman numerals!
I Olfactory
II Optic
III Occulomotor
IV Trochlear
V Trigeminal
VI Abducens
VII Facial
VIII Vestibulocochlear
IX Glossopharyngeal
X
Vagus
XI Accessory Nerve
XII Hypoglossal
OLFACTORY nerves
Transmits the sense of smell.
Scientists who are trying to find a way to make
neurons divide to heal nerve injuries often study
the body’s only mitotic neurons. These neurons
are the
4. What is Cranial Nerve II called, and what does it
do?
olfactory receptors
5.
III Occulomotor Nerve: this controls most of the
extrinsic muscles of the eye (that move the eyeball).
They also have parasympathetic innervation in the
iris (pupil) and cilliary (controls the lens).
IV. Trochlear Nerve: supplies one of the extrinsic
eye muscles
V. Trigeminal Nerve: This is the main sensory nerve
of the face.
It has a large branch that passes through the foramen
ovale of the skull.
What is Cranial Nerve III called, and what does
it do?
6.
What is Cranial Nerve IV called, and what does
it do?
7. What is Cranial Nerve V called, and what does it
do?
8. What hole does Cranial Nerve V pass through in
the skull?
9.
Irritation of CN V is called what?
II. OPTIC NERVE: Transmits visual information
from the eye’s retina.
10. What is Cranial Nerve VI called, and what does
it do?
Problems with CN-V are called TRIGEMINAL
NEURALGIA, which is excruciating pain in the face
from nerve inflammation.
VI: Abducens controls one of the eye muscles
(lateral rectus).
11. What is Cranial Nerve VII called, and what does
it do?
VII Facial Nerve: This innervates the muscles of
facial expression and salivary glands.
12. A person who cannot blink or smile may have
damage to what nerve?
VII Facial Nerve
Cranial Nerves and Spinal Cord Flashcards
13. A person who cannot easily taste sweet, sour, or
salty substances has damage to what nerve?
14. The primary gustatory (taste) cortex is located in
which lobe of the brain?
15. Bell’s Palsy is damage to what nerve? What
other disorder does it look like?
16. What is Cranial Nerve VIII called, and what does
it do?
17. What is Cranial Nerve IX called, and what three
things does it do?
18. What is Cranial Nerve X called, and what three
things does it do?
19. Which cranial nerve travels into the abdomen?
20. The majority of all parasympathetic fibers (90%)
are from what cranial nerve?
21. What is Cranial Nerve XI called, and what does
it do?
22. What is Cranial Nerve XII called, and what does
it do?
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
What does damage to Cranial Nerve XII cause?
Define a GANGLION (plural is ganglia)
Are they motor or sensory?
Are they in the CNS, PNS, or both?
Where are the cell bodies of the sensory neurons
of the spinal nerves located?
28. Most synapses are in what part of the nervous
system?
29. Where are their cell bodies of interneurons?
30. Where do interneurons synapse?
31. What is another name for interneurons?
32. The complexity of the CNS can be attributed to
what?
33. What types of sensory information are conveyed
toward the brain in the spinothalamic tracts?
A person who cannot easily taste sweet, sour, or
salty substances has damage to what nerve? VII
Facial Nerve
Parietal lobe
BELL’S PALSY is damage of the facial nerve Needs
to be distinguished from a stroke.
VIII. VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR nerve transmits
hearing and balance.
IX: GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL
 signals the pharynx to constrict (along with X)
during swallowing.
 Innervates top of tongue
 Carries information from baroreceptors
X Vagus Nerve
 Parasympathetic supply to organs
 Moves the larynx during speech
 Signals pharynx to constrict during swallowing
(with CN IX)
 Carries information from baroreceptors
X Vagus Nerve
X Vagus Nerve
XI: ACCESSORY NERVE enters the skull through
foramen magnum and leaves through the jugular
foramen. It just supplies the shoulder muscles.
XII. HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE (hypo=under;
glossal=tongue) - supplies the under surface of the
tongue.
Damage causes impairment of speech.
Ganglion = a group of neuron cell bodies.
Some are motor, some are sensory.
All ganglia are in the PNS only
Posterior root ganglion
Most synapses are in the CNS
Their cell bodies are in the dorsal half of the gray
matter in the spinal cord.
on the cell body of the motor neuron
association neurons
The complexity of the CNS can be attributed to
Interneurons
Pain and temperature
Cranial Nerves and Spinal Cord Flashcards
34. What region of the brain interprets signals for
touch and temperature?
35. What is the difference between a nerve and a
tract?
36. WHAT IS AN UPPER MOTOR NEURON?
37. What is a LOWER (SOMATIC) MOTOR
NEURON?
38. What region of the brain contains the upper
motor neurons?
39. When the nerves leave the spinal cord, they
travel together in what?
40. Give one example
41. Starting at the spinal cord and preceding
laterally, the subdivisions of a plexus are in what
order?
42. What do PROPRIOCEPTION neurons sense?
43. An example of a test for proprioception is…?
44. How many spinal nerves are there?
45. What do lower motor neurons do?
Somatosensory association area
Inside the brain nerves are called tracts; outside the
brain, they are called nerves (for example, optic and
olfactory nerves are outside the CNS, while optic
and olfactory tracts are inside the CNS)
Upper motor neuron: cell body is in the brain,
synapses on a lower motor neuron (in the spinal
cord)
Lower motor neuron: cell body is in the spinal cord,
and synapses on skeletal muscle.
Primary motor cortex
a plexus.
One of these is known as the brachial plexus (in the
armpit; innervates the muscles of the arm).
rami, trunks, divisions, cords
the amount of force and movement in muscles and
joints to determine the body’s present position
Close eyes and touch finger to nose.
31 Pairs
Carry motor commands to the skeletal muscles