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Chapter 3 & 4: The Chemistry of Life LEARNING OBJECTIVES Describe the basic structure of an atom. Explain how electrons determine how atoms interact. Define the term “isotopes” and list ways that they are used in science. Describe ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds. List the biologically important characteristics of water that are due to its high polarity and hydrogen bonding. Describe the four major classes of organic molecules, their functions, and their building blocks. KEY TERMS: Words you should know from this chapter. Indicate the page number for each word. atom orbital atomic number atomic mass element ions isotopes radioactive decay molecule chemical bond polar molecule pH scale buffer macromolecules For the following words, be sure to indicate the building block chemicals for each macromolecule. Proteins Nucleic acids Carbohydrates Lipids Chemistry Activity Name ________________________ These are structures you should know: Water, H2O Carbon dioxide, CO2 Functional Groups OH Hydroxyl Formula Carbonyl CO (with a double bond) Carboxyl COOH Amino NH2+ Phosphate PO4+ Found in Biochemicals Monomers Amino Acid Made of Found in Made of Found in Carbohydrate Nucleotide Fatty Acid Polymers Protein Carbohydrate Polysaccharide Lipid Nucleic Acid Know the definitions of : Dehydration Synthesis Hydrolysis Chapter 4 – Types of Macromolecules Proteins Functions Made of Types Produced by Nucleic Acids Functions Made of Types Produced by Carbohydrates Functions Made of Types Produced by Lipids Functions Made of Types Produced by
