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Key Terms #1: The Byzantine Empire 1. pagan: someone who believes in more than one god; non-Christians 2. Justinian’s Code: code of laws that is the foundation for several modern legal systems; Justinian’s most important contribution 3. Theodora: influential wife of Justinian who helped him rule as the empress; led the way for legal and spiritual reform 4. Constantinople: new name for Byzantium, site of an old Greek city, now named Istanbul, in modern-day Turkey 5. patriarchs: the highest ranking bishops in the Catholic church; at the time, in Rome, Jerusalem, Alexandria, Antioch, and Constantinople 6. pope: the bishop of Rome and leader of the Roman Catholic Church, who oftentimes competed with the emperor for power 7. Nicene Creed: the main statement of faith held by the Roman Catholic church, which settled disagreements about Jesus 8. icon: a holy image, usually a portrait of Jesus, or other religious scenes 9. Great Schism: the split of the church into the Western Roman Catholic church and the Eastern Orthodox church, due to disagreements about leadership and religious practices 10. orthodox: the strict following of traditional or established beliefs 11. Catholic: refers to the members, beliefs, and practices of the Church of Rome Key Terms #1: The Byzantine Empire 1. pagan: someone who believes in more than one god; non-Christians 2. Justinian: (527-565)the first great Byzantine Emperor: tried to restore the Empire to earlier greatness, developed code of laws, built Hagia Sophia 3. Theodora: influential wife of Justinian who helped him rule as the empress; led the way for legal and spiritual reform 4. Constantinople: new name for Byzantium, site of an old Greek city, now named Istanbul, in modern-day Turkey 5. patriarchs: the highest ranking bishops in the Catholic church; at the time, in Rome, Jerusalem, Alexandria, Antioch, and Constantinople 6. pope: the bishop of Rome and leader of the Roman Catholic Church, who oftentimes competed with the emperor for power 7. Nicene Creed: the main statement of faith held by the Roman Catholic church, which settled disagreements about Jesus 8. icon: a holy image, usually a portrait of Jesus, or other religious scenes 9. Great Schism: the split of the church into the Western Roman Catholic church and the Eastern Orthodox church, due to disagreements about leadership and religious practices 10. orthodox: the strict following of traditional or established beliefs 11.Catholic: refers to the members, beliefs, and practices of the Church of Rome