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Ancient Egypt Name _____________________________________ School________________ Date of Lesson ______________________________ Grade ________________ LESSON PLAN FORMAT Title of Lesson: Ancient Egypt Goal(s): To teach about the history of Ancient Egypt through an interactive power point presentation. Learning Objectives: Gain knowledge of Ancient Egypt. Purpose/Rationale: I am teaching this lesson this way to allow the students to get involved in the lesson, instead of a simple lecture. Standards: Students will use a variety of intellectual skills to demonstrate their understanding of major ideas, eras, themes, developments, and turning points in world history and examine the broad sweep of history from a variety of perspectives. (http://www.emsc.nysed.gov/nysatl/ssstand.html) Teacher Preparation: To prepare for this lesson, I had to research the different aspects of Ancient Egypt and put the information together in an organized presentation that would be easy to follow by students. Materials/Resources: Power point access and over head projector. ASSESSMENT: At the end of the power point there is a jeopardy game that the students will be able to play to see how well they grasp the information. The jeopardy game will also allow them to work in groups to reach their answers. The Old Kingdom •Egypt was unified nearly 400 years before the start of the Old Kingdom •Also known as the “Pyramid age” •Pharaohs (an Egyptian king or queen) ruled the country •Art and architecture grew with the building of the great pyramids •collapsed in about 2160 B.C. The Middle Kingdom •The Middle Kingdom was founded in 2040 B.C. •Pharaohs strengthened government and foreign trade •More pyramids were built again •Black pyramids were built in this age The New Kingdom •Greatest period of egyPt’s history •Warrior kings expanded the empire into Nubia, Libya and the Middle East •Temples were built •Pharaohs were buried in painted tombs in the Valley of Kings People of Egypt PHARAOH •Commanded the army •Ruled the country •Supreme control •Egyptians believed he was a living God •Set taxes •Judged criminals •Controlled the temples NOBLES •Surrounded the king at his time of death CRAFTSMEN •Employed in workshops run by royal palaces Women •Responsible for looking after the house and raising the Children •Some worked in the fields •Women had the same rights as men OFFICIALS •Every town had officials PEASENTS •Collected taxes •Majority of Egyptians •Regulated businesses •Worked in the fields •Organized loans and marriage contracts •Harvest crops •Few could read or write The Nile River •egyPt has been called the “gift of the nile” •The water has been used for drinking, bathing and watering crops •the nile is egyPt’s main highway; boats would float up and down stream •Egyptians have been growing crops along the Nile for more than 7,000 years •Settlers began to farm in the Nile Valley around 500 B.C. (they formed two two kingdoms: Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt) Pyramids Step Pyramids •First pyramids constructed •The outside of the pyramids look liked steps •The steps were believed to be used by the king to reach the gods •One layer was built at a time Smooth-sided pyramids •All four sides of the pyramids were completely smooth •More advanced of the two types •the “great Pyramid” was an example of this type Black Pyramids •Built Amenemhet 111 •Kind of a disaster •Built on unstable subsoil •There are about eighty pyramids known today in Ancient Egypt •The three largest and best preserved were built at Giza •The most well-known was built for the pharaoh, Khufu, and is called the “great Pyramid” •Many pyramids were built along the Nile River in Egypt. •In the 6th and 7th centuries pyramids were built by princes near the modern cities. •The main purpose of the pyramid was to serve as tombs. •Problems with grave robbers resulted in the decreasing importance of pyramids. •After this, underground tombs became more preferred. Construction of Pyramids • • • • • A major problem with construction of the pyramids was getting the large stones to the height needed Ramps were built on inclined slopes of mud brick and rubble As the pyramids grew taller the slopes had to be extended in length In a step pyramid, packing blocks fill the steps to keep them sturdy The outside of a pyramid surrounds a central core Egyptian Life • Life revolved around the three seasons 1. Akhet-Flood Season (July to October) -farm work stopped 2. Peret-began when the water went down in November 3. Shemu-the harvest (March to June) -farmers worked hard to bring in the crops before the water rose again • During the flood season, most farmers joined the work laborers in building pyramids and temples • Most of history, ancient Egypt was the richest country in the world • Linen, papyrus, dried fish and surplus food was exported in exchange for luxury items like incense, silver and cedar wood • Most houses were made from mud brick with roof terraces • Egyptians believed that all events were controlled by the gods and by giving them offerings, they would live a happy life Mummies •Egyptians wanted to live forever, in order to do this the body had to be Preserved or “mummified” •Internal organs were removed and then the body was washed and coated with oils and then wrapped in tight linen bandages •The finished mummy was laid in a coffin or mummy case •Mummy cases were covered with magic symbols to please the Gods •The whole process took 70 days Writing tools Hieroglyphs •Paper made from papyrus reed •Picture writing •Reed brushes, pens •“sacred cravings” •Ink (soot or charcoal) •Hard to read Sphinx •Stone figure of a lion with the head of a king •In front of pyramid complex at Giza •The face is believed to be of pharaoh khafra Jeopardy Pyramids People Kingdoms Egyptian life 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 300 300 300 300 400 400 400 400 What are the three types of pyramids? Answer 1. Step pyramids 2. Smooth-sided pyramids 3. Black pyramids What needed to be built to help with the building of the pyramids? Answer Ramps on inclined slopes of mud bricks Where were the largest and best preserved pyramids built? Answer Giza What resulted in the decrease importance of pyramids? Answer Grave Robbers What did the majority of Egyptians do? Answer They worked as peasants in the fields Who collected the taxes and controlled businesses? Answer The Officials Who commanded the army? Answer Pharaohs Where did the craftsmen work? Answer Workshops run by royal palaces Which kingdom was known as the “Pyramid age”? Answer Old Kingdom In the new kingdom, where were pharaohs buried? Answer In tombs in the valley of kings During which kingdom was the black pyramid built? Answer Middle kingdom Which is the greatest period of egyPt’s history? Answer New kingdom What were most houses made of? answer Mud brick What did most farmers do during the flood season? answer They joined work laborers in building pyramids and temples What was exported in exchange for luxury items? answer Linen, papyrus, dried fish, and surplus food What were the three seasons called? answer Akhet, Peret, Shemu