Download Immune System – 22

Immune System – 21
Nonspecific Body Defenses
1. Indicate the sites of activity or the secretions of the nonspecific defenses by inserting the
correct letter in the answer blanks.
a. digestive
b. lacrimal fluid
c. lysozyme
d. mucosae
e. mucus
f. saliva
g. sebaceous
h. skin
i. stomach
j. vaginal secretions
_____1. _____2. Lysozyme is found in these body secretions.
_____3. _____4. _____5. Fluids with an acid pH are found in the following places.
_____6. _____7. Sebum is a product of the _6_ glands and acts at the surface of the _7_.
_____8. Mucus is produced by mucus-secreting glands found in the respiratory and _8_
system mucosae.
2. Match the terms in Column B with the descriptions in Column A concerning events of the
inflammatory response.
Column A
_____1. Accounts for redness and heat in an inflamed area
_____2. Inflammatory chemical released by injured cells
_____3. Promote release of WBCs from the bone marrow
_____4. Results from accumulation of fluid leaked from
the bloodstream
_____5. Phagocytic offspring of monocytes
_____6. First phagocytes to migrate into the injured area
Column B
a. edema
b. histamine
c. increased blood
flow to an area
d. inflammatory chemicals
e. macrophages
f. neutrophils
Specific Defenses
3. Using the key choices, select the term that correctly completes each statement. Insert the
appropriate letter in the answer blanks.
a. antigen(s)
b. B cells
c. blood
_____1.
_____2.
_____3.
_____4.
_____5.
d. cellular immunity
e. humoral immunity
f. lymph
g. lymph nodes
h. macrophages
i. T cells
Immunity is resistance to disease resulting from the presence of foreign
substances or _1_ in the body. When this resistance is provided by
antibodies released to body fluids, the immunity is called _2_. When living cells
provide the protection, the immunity is referred to as _3_. The major
actors in the immune response are two lymphocyte populations, the _4_ and the
_5_. Phagocytic cells that act as accessory cells in the immune response
are the _6_. Because pathogens are likely to use both _7_ and _8_ as a means
of getting around the body, _9_ and other lymphatic tissues (which
house the immune cells) are in an excellent position to detect their presence.
_____6.
_____7.
_____8.
_____9.
4. Determine whether each of the following situations provides, or is an example of, active or
passive immunity. If passive, insert a P in the blank; if active, insert an A in the blank.
_____1. An individual receives Sabin polio vaccine
_____2. Antibodies migrate through a pregnant woman’s placenta into the vascular system
of her fetus
_____3. A student nurse receives an injection of gamma globulin (containing antibodies to
the hepatitis virus) after she has been exposed to viral hepatitis
_____4. “Borrowed” immunity
_____5. Immunologic memory is provided
_____6. An individual suffers through chicken pox
5. A schematic of the life cycle of the lymphocytes involved in immunity is shown in Figure 211. First, select different colors for the areas listed below and use them to color the coding
circles and the corresponding regions in the figure.
Area where immature lymphocytes arise
Area seeded by immunocompetent B and T cells
Area where T cells become immunocompetent
Area where the antigen challenge and clonal selection are likely to occur
Area where B cells become immunocompetent
Figure 21-1
6. There are several important differences between primary and secondary immune
response(s). If the following statements best describe a primary response, insert a P in the
blank; if a secondary response, insert an S in the blank.
_____1. The initial response to an antigen; gearing-up stage
_____2. A lag period of several days occurs before antibodies specific to the antigen
appear in the bloodstream
_____3. Antibody levels increase rapidly and remain high for an extended period
_____4. Immunological memory is established
_____5. The second, third, and subsequent responses to the same antigen
Cell-Mediated Immune Response
7. Several populations of T cells exist. Match the terms in Column B to the descriptions in
Column A. Place the correct letter response in the answer blanks.
_____1. Binds with B cells and releases chemicals that activate
B cells, T cells, and macrophages
a. helper T cell
b. killer T cell
_____2. Activated by recognizing both its antigen and a selfprotein presented on the surface of a macrophage
c. suppressor T
cell
_____3. Turns off the immune response when the “enemy” has
been routed
_____4. Directly attacks and lyses cellular pathogens
8. Complete the following description of the activiation and activity of complement by writing
the letters in the answer blanks.
a. activated
b. holes/lesions
c. inactivated
_____1.
_____ 2.
_____ 3.
_____ 4.
_____ 5.
_____ 6.
d. lysis
e. opsonization
f. proteins
g. water
Complement is a system of plasma _1_ that circulate in the blood in an inactive
form. Complement is _2_ when it becomes attached to the surface of
foreign cells (bacteria, fungi, RBCs). One result of this complement fixation is
that _3_ appear in the membrane of the foreign cell. This allows _4_ to rush
in, which causes _5_ of the foreign cell. Some of the chemicals released during
complement fixation enhance phagocytosis. This is called _6_.
Others amplify the inflammatory response.
Developmental Aspects of the Immune System
9. Complete the following statements concerning the development and operation of the
immune system during the life span by inserting your answers in the answer blanks.
a. birth
(or shortly thereafter)
b. depressed
c. liver
_____ 1.
_____ 2.
_____ 3.
_____ 4.
_____ 5.
d.
e.
f.
g.
lymphatic organs
nervous
thyroxine
reproductive
h. thymosin
i. thymus
The earliest lymphocyte stem cells that can be identified appear during the first
month of development in the fetal _1_. Shortly thereafter, bone marrow
becomes the lymphocyte origin site; but after birth, lymphocyte proliferation
occurs in the _2_. The _3_ is the first lymphoid organ to appear, and the
development of the other lymphoid organs is believed to be controlled by the
thymic hormone _4_. The development of immunocompetence has usually
been accomplished by _5_.
Individuals under severe stress exhibit a _6_ immune response, an indication
that the _7_ system plays a role in immunity.
_____ 6.
_____ 7.
Homeostatic Imbalances of Immunity
10. Using the key choices, identify the type of immunity disorder described. Insert the
appropriate letter in the answer blank.
a. allergy
b. autoimmune disease
c. immunodeficiency
_____1. AIDS and SCID
_____2. The immune system mounts an extraordinarily vigorous response to an otherwise
harmless antigen
_____3. A hypersensitivity reaction
_____4. Occurs when the production or activity of immune cells or complement is abnormal
_____5. The body’s own immune system produces the disorder; a breakdown of selftolerance
_____6. Affected individuals are unable to combat infections that would present no problem
for normally healthy people
_____7. Multiple sclerosis and rheumatic fever
_____8. Hay fever and contact dermatitis
_____9. Typical symptoms of the acute response are tearing, a runny nose, and itching skin