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Transcript
NAME _________________________________ BLOCK ____ DATE______________ SB4. Students will assess the dependence of all organisms on one another and the flow of energy and matter within their ecosystems. e. Relate plant adaptations, including tropisms, to the ability to survive stressful environmental conditions. KEY WORDS – Look up definitions for the following words in the glossary in the back of the book. 1) ADAPTATION - __________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 2) STOMATA - _____________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 3) TROPISM - _______________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 4) HORMONE- ______________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 5) PHOTOTROPISM - ________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 6) GRAVITROPISM - ________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 7) THIGMOTROPISM - _______________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 8) HYDROTROPISM - _______________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ Getting the idea Plants grow in a ____________________of places all over the world. The evolution of ___________________________ has allowed them to live in even the most __________________ conditions. ________________________are traits that improve an organism’s chance for _____________________ and ___________________. From ____________________ or mountaintops to __________ water or freshwater, plants are able to survive many different _______________________. Over _____________, changes occur within a population’s ___________ as a result of sexual reproduction and random ______________________. Most of these changes have either __________ effect or a _________________ effect on the organism’s chances for survival. If the environment _________________ however, certain individuals are more successful at passing on their ______________ to their offspring that others. Through ____________________ _____________________________, organisms become better _________________ to their environment. Plants have evolved a number of adaptations that act as coping __________________ in stressful environments. 1 ______________________ plants show a number of adaptations to their environment. Since they usually grow in _____________, their roots can ______________________ because the waterlogged soil lacks ________ spaces that provide ____________ for cellular respiration. One adaptation aquatic plants, like the __________________, have is tissues above the mud with large ______ ______________ spaces to take in oxygen. Once the oxygen diffuses through the _________________, it is carried down to the _______________. For plants that grow in _______________ environments, becoming ______________ deficient during osmosis is a problem. Many plants produce __________________ that maintain a healthy water __________________. Another challenge is that high ___________ concentrations are ________________ to plants so some plants have roots that have ______________________ to be more salt tolerant by _________________________ the uptake of harmful materials. Their __________________ have special cells that pump salt out of the plant’s tissues. _____________ deficiency can also be an issue for ____________________ plants. On hot, dry days, plants can ______________ water faster that it is restored by the soil. One way to slow water loss is by closing ____________________, pores in the ________________ of leaves and stems that control ___________exchange. In addition, when the leaves of plants ___________ from lack of water, they roll into a shape that exposes less ________________ to the sun, thus reducing water _____________. Some plants have evolved ways of obtaining ______________________ in environments that have low ____________________________ of nutrients in the soil. These include specialized leaves that ________________ and ______________ insects or an ability to extract ______________ and ______________ by parasitizing another plant. ________________________ is an example of a plant that obtains its nutrients from another plant like a ____________________. Another example of a plant adaptation is the ability to __________________ against predatory insects. Many plants produce _____________________ compounds that are toxic to insects. Although some are lethal or disrupts the insects’ ____________________ processes, others have chemicals that act as deterrents by simple tasting _______________ to the insects. Some plant adaptations are _______________ responses to stimuli in the environment. ______________________ are those changes in growth that are a response to ___________________. Plants usually respond by either growing _______________ (positive) or ___________ ___________ (negative) the source. Chemicals called ________________ control these responses. The table below compares four types of _____________________. Tropism Stimulus Phototropism Light Gravitropism Gravity Response Type of Response 2 Thigmotropism Touch Hydrotropism Water ________________________ ___________________ ______________________ Sometimes plants respond by simply _____ responding at all. During the ______________, trees enter a state of _______________ in which all growth and development ______________. _______________________ protects plants from freezing and helps them to survive the winter. DISCUSSION QUESTION The venus flytrap is often called a carnivorous plant. When an insect touches the sensitive hairs on the plant, the leaves snap closed around it. The plant then begins to secrete a chemical that will digest the insects. What type of tropism does this plant show? Why might this adaptation have occurred? ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ LESSON REVIEW - write the entire answer not just the letter of your choice. 1. What types of chemicals affect a plant’s growth and development in response to stimuli? ____________________________________________________________________ 2. What state does a maple tree enter in order to protect itself from freezing during the winter months? ______________________________________________________________________ 3. The diagram on page 204 shows a plant responding to a stimulus. What type of response does it show? 4. ________________________________________________________ Which of the following adaptations does a cactus have that MOST likely enables it to live in its environment? ______________________________________________________________________________ 3