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Picture by K. Hopfensperger 2003 Picture by K. Hopfensperger 2003 © 1987 Abigail Rorer © 1987 Abigail Rorer Common Name: Bushy Pondweed Scientific Name: Najas guadalupensis Description: Rooted, submerged aquatic plant; stems very long and leafy; dark green or olive-colored; small flowers and fruit. Where it grows: Under surface of water Wildlife Value: Food and shelter for aquatic organisms Common Name: Jewelweed Scientific Name: Impatiens capensis Description: Herbaceous plant; 2-5 feet tall; fleshy; orange or orange-yellow three-petaled flowers with reddish brown spots and curved spur at end. Where it grows: Throughout IZ Wildlife Value: Food for birds; flowers attract butterflies and hummingbirds Picture by R. Kenyon 2004 http://cedarcreek.umn.edu/habitats/images/ aquaticplants.html 2004 Common Name: Common Three Square Scientific Name: Scirpus americanus Description: Up to 3 feet tall; herbaceous, perennial, semi-persistent; spreads by rhizomes; stems triangular at cross-section; inconspicuous flowers in 3 or 4 spikelets covered by brown scales. Where it grows: Upper part of IZ Wildlife Value: Cover and food for many waterfowl and other birds, muskrats and fish; nesting for bluegills, largemouth bass and black crappie Common Name: Spatterdock Scientific Name: Nuphar lutea Description: Herbaceous; floating; single yellow flower on long fleshy stalk. Where it grows: Below MLW Wildlife Value: Food for waterfowl, beavers, porcupines, deer, muskrats, fish; also shade, shelter for fish, etc. Picture by K. Hopfensperger 2003 Picture by K. Hopfensperger 2003 © 1987 Abigail Rorer © 1995 B. E. Slattery Common Name: Wild Rice Scientific Name: Zizania aquatica Description: Up to 10 feet high; large, soft, flat, tapered leaves, margins rough. Where it grows: Middle of IZ Wildlife Value: Food for waterfowl and muskrats; nesting for marsh wrens Common Name: Tearthumb Scientific Name: Polygonum arifolium Description: Up to 4 feet long; stems jointed and prickly; hairy leaves, broadly arrowhead-shaped with triangular basal lobes; small pink flowers with four lobes in small, close clusters. Where it grows: Throughout IZ Wildlife Value: Some food value Picture by K. Hopfensperger 2003 http://www.rook.org/earl/bwca/nature/aqu atics/acorus.html 2002 Common Name: Cattail Common Name: Sweet Flag Scientific Name: Acorus calamus Scientific Name: Typha angustifolia Description: Up to 10 feet tall; herbaceous, perennial, Description: 1 to 4 feet in height; herbaceous, perennial, persistent; spreads by rhizomes; male spike above female spike with space in between. nonpersistent; midrib of leaves off-center; small yellowbrown flowers. Where it grows: Upper part of IZ Where it grows: Above MHW Wildlife Value: Food for waterfowl, muskrats, beavers Wildlife Value: Food (rhizomes) and cover for waterfowl, muskrats (seeds and rhizomes); nesting for waterfowl, marsh wrens, red-winged blackbirds, young fish www.nhnursery.com/seedlings/buttonbush/buttonbushwetland.jpg 2001 www.netbuie.net/_acadia_outside.html 2003 © 1987 Abigail Rorer Common Name: Buttonbush Scientific Name: Cephalanthus occidentalis Common Name: Swamp Rose Scientific Name: Rosa palustris Description: 6 to 12 feet in height; deciduous shrub; small white tubular flowers in dense ball-shaped heads. Description: Up to 7 feet tall; deciduous thorny shrub; pink five-petaled flowers. Where it grows: Upper half of IZ to above MHW Where it grows: In drier areas above MHW Wildlife Value: Food for waterfowl, red-winged blackbirds, song sparrow (seeds), hummingbirds (nectar); nesting Wildlife Value: Food for upland game birds; food and cover for songbirds http://www.noble.org/imagegallery/Grasshtml/RiceCutgrass.ht ml 2004 http://www.main.nc.us/naturenotebook/plants/arrow arum.html 1999 Common Name: Rice Common Name: Arrow Arum Scientific Name: Peltandra virginica Description: Up to 2 feet tall; herbaceous, perennial, nonpersistent; triangular-shaped, fleshy leaves. Where it grows: Upper half of IZ Wildlife Value: Food for wood ducks, other birds, muskrats (seeds) Cutgrass Scientific Name: Leersia oryzoides Description: Up to 5 feet tall; herbaceous, perennial, nonpersistent; stems rough hairy; leaves have very rough margins with stiff spines. Where it grows: Upper part of IZ Wildlife Value: Harbors food-source animals for waterfowl, herons and other birds, fish, reptiles, etc; seeds for ducks and sparrows http://www.offwell.freeonline.co.uk/wetland_surv e y/images/ duckweed.jpg 2001 Picture by K. Engelhardt 2004 © 1987 Abigail Rorer © 1987 Abigail Rorer Common Name: Duckweed Scientific Name: Lemna minor Description: Free-floating, surface-water aquatic plant; stem lacking; leaflike structure broadly oval shaped, dark green above, purple below. Where it grows: Floats on the surface of fresh water (not Common Name: Marsh Hibiscus Scientific Name: Hibiscus moscheutos Description: 4 to 7 feet tall; shrub-like with new growth coming from below ground each year; pink or white fivepetaled flowers with or without purple or red centers. rooted to bottom) Where it grows: Upper part of IZ to above MHW Wildlife Value: Food for waterfowl and beavers Wildlife Value: Food for hummingbirds http://www.reston.org/parks_rec/ p_ shoreline_stable.html 2004 http://light.gotdns.com/gallery/Summer- RoadsidesBlue/Nettle_false1 2003 © 1987 Abigail Rorer Common Name: Soft Rush Scientific Name: Juncus effusus Description: Up to 3 ½ feet tall; grasslike, herbaceous, © 1987 Abigail Rorer Common Name: False Nettle perennial; forms dense clumps; stems unbranched, round in cross-section, soft; greenish brown scaly flowers in clusters. Description: 1 to 3 feet tall; herbaceous, perennial; stems Where it grows: Upper part of IZ to above MHW unbranched, smooth or rough hairy; inconspicuous flowers in dense elongate spikes. Wildlife Value: Food, cover, nesting for wood ducks and other waterfowl Scientific Name: Boehmeria cylindrica Where it grows: Throughout IZ Wildlife Value: Larval food for butterflies Wildlife Value: Important food source for waterfowl; habitat, shade; harbors food for fish, invertebrates http://www.akvariumas.lt/augalai/hydrocharit aceae/images/elodea_canadensis.jpg 2004 http://www.fcwd.com/Wild%20celery.jpg 2004 © 1987 Abigail Rorer © 1987 Abigail Rorer Common Name: Wild Celery Common Name: Waterweed Scientific Name: Elodea canadensis Scientific Name: Vallisneria americana Description: Rooted, submerged aquatic plant, buried in mud; simple, very thin linear leaves, up to 7 feet, ribbon like. sometimes floating at surface in shallow water; stems many-branched; dark green leaves, mostly drooping downward. Where it grows: Below MLW (under water) Where it grows: Below MLW (under water) Description: Rooted, submerged aquatic plant; stems Wildlife Value: Homes for many micro and macro Wildlife Value: Nesting and cover for American robin, invertebrates; food for fish, amphibians, reptiles, ducks, etc. (invertebrates) prairie warbler and American goldfinch; seeds for waterfowl, quail, cardinal, grosbeak, goldfinch, yellowbellied sapsucker www.fcps.k12.va.us/StratfordLandingES/Ecolog y/mpages/black_willow.htm 2004 www.gypsymoth.ento.vt. edu/vagm/treeimages/ maple_red.html 2001 Common Name: Red Maple Common Name: Black Willow Scientific Name: Acer rubrum Scientific Name: Salix nigra Description: 75 to 100 feet tall; deciduous tree; smooth Description: 35 to 50 feet tall; deciduous tree; trunk up to gray bark when young, broken and darker when older; leaves have 3 to 5 shallow lobes; fruits reddish and winged. 20 inches in diameter with brownish to blackish, deeply grooved bark; narrow, fine-toothed leaves; stipules at leaf bases; inconspicuous flowers on dense spikes. Where it grows: Above spring tide elevation Where it grows: Above MHW Wildlife Value: Food for deer, beaver, squirrel, other small Where it grows: Upper half of IZ game, turkey, woodpeckers, doves and many other birds; nesting Wildlife Value: Food for some waterfowl, (seeds) geese http://web.english.ufl.edu/rawlings/mkrawlingsAlbum.htm 2004 Common Name: Pickerelweed and muskrats (foliage and roots) http://www.holoweb.com/nature/plants /images/Sagittaria_Latifolia_Willd._1_ preview.JPG 2004 Common Name: Duck Potato Scientific Name: Pontederia cordata Scientific Name: Sagittaria latifolia Description: Up to 4 feet tall; herbaceous, perennial, Description: Up to 4 feet tall; herbaceous, perennial, nonpersistent; spreads by rhizome; heart-shaped leaves; numerous small violet-blue tubular flowers with 3 upper lobes (united) and 3 lower lobes (separated). nonpersistent; spreads by underground runners; leaves broadly to narrowly arrowhead-shaped; white, threepetaled flowers on single elongate stalks. Where it grows: Middle of IZ Wildlife Value: Food for many waterfowl, muskrats and Tiner, R. W. 1987. A Field Guide to Coastal Wetland Plants of the Northeastern United States. The University of Massachusetts Press, Amherst, MA. 285pp. beavers (seeds, foliage and tubers) Key MHW: Mean High Water (Elevation of land that average high tide reaches) MLW: Mean Low Water (Elevation of land that average low tide reaches) IZ: Intertidal Zone (Area of land between MHW and MLW) Key MHW: Mean High Water (Elevation of land that average high tide reaches) MLW: Mean Low Water (Elevation of land that average low tide reaches) IZ: Intertidal Zone (Area of land between MHW and MLW) References References Ripple, K. L. and E. W. Garbisch. 2000. POW! The Planning of Wetlands. An Educator’s Guide. Environmental Concern Inc., St. Michaels, MD. 346pp. Slattery, B. E. and A. S. Kesselheim. 1995. WOW! The Wonders of Wetlands. An Educator’s Guide. Environmental Concern Inc. and The Watercourse, St. Michaels, MD. 330pp. Ripple, K. L. and E. W. Garbisch. 2000. POW! The Planning of Wetlands. An Educator’s Guide. Environmental Concern Inc., St. Michaels, MD. 346pp. Slattery, B. E. and A. S. Kesselheim. 1995. WOW! The Wonders of Wetlands. An Educator’s Guide. Environmental Concern Inc. and The Watercourse, St. Michaels, MD. 330pp. Tiner, R. W. 1987. A Field Guide to Coastal Wetland Plants of the Northeastern United States. The University of Massachusetts Press, Amherst, MA. 285pp.