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Community Ecology Communities and Biomes Limiting Factors – ultimately limit this growth Food, water, space, shelter Density-dependent factors Density-independent factors Range of Tolerance Tolerance Curves Succession Sequential growth/regrowth of species in an area Primary Succession – bare rock, sand dunes, volcanic island Secondary Succession – regrowth – after fires, etc. Pioneer Species – good at inhabiting barren areas (Pioneer Community) The Process: The growth of one species creates a habitat or microclimate that is better suited to the next successional species. Climax Community – the final dominant community in the area (e.g., the biomes) Dynamic – ever changing Tree/canopy gaps – setbacks in succession Terrestrial Biomes Tundra Taiga Temperate Deciduous Forest Temperate Rainforest Temperate Grassland Savanna Chaparral Desert Tropical Rainforest Aquatic Biomes/Ecosystems Marine Biomes (salt water – oceans, etc.) Photic zone Aphotic zone Intertidal zone Nertic zone Oceanic zone Pelagic zone Benthic zone Estuaries (mixing of freshwater and salt water) Freshwater Biomes Lakes and Ponds Rivers and Streams Wetland Ecosystems Freshwater Marshes Inland Fresh Meadows Calcareous Fen Bogs Shrub Swamps Wooded Swamps Floodplain Forests Tidal Salt Marsh Tidal Freshwater Marsh Mangrove Wetlands