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Honors Biology Unit: Evolution Shifts in Phenotypic Frequencies Procedures: 1. Each group needs to begin with eight beads of each color. 2. Mating rules: a. Green is dominant to all. b. Blue is dominant to all except green. c. Yellow is recessive to all. d. Red is recessive to all except yellow. 3. After each mechanism occurs, the following occurs each generation. a. Eight pairs of individuals randomly mate. b. Then, ten percent of each generation die, randomly. 4. You will proceed through the third generation for each mechanism. Mechanism: Genetic Drift: a great in pop’n size in a generation. All Yellow, Red, & ½ Blue survive a deadly viral infection! All Green are killed! Generation 1 Yellow Beads Red Beads Blue Beads Green Beads Total # of individuals 8 8 8 8 32 1 After Mechanism 1 After Mating 1 After Mortality 2 After Mating 2 After Mortality 3 After Mating 3 After Mortality Mechanism: Gene Flow: all Blue individuals emigrate. Four Green immigrate. kmz Metro HS Honors Biology Generation 1 Unit: Evolution Yellow Beads Red Beads Blue Beads Green Beads Total # of individuals 8 8 8 8 32 1 After Mechanism 1 After Mating 1 After Mortality 2 After Mating 2 After Mortality 3 After Mating 3 After Mortality Mechanism: Natural Selection: due to climate change, Yellow individuals are selected for! Their Yellow coat helps these organisms now hide from predators! Generation 1 Yellow Beads Red Beads Blue Beads Green Beads Total # of individuals 8 8 8 8 32 1 After Mechanism 1 After Mating 1 After Mortality 2 After Mating 2 After Mortality kmz Metro HS Honors Biology Unit: Evolution 3 After Mating 3 After Mortality Mechanism: Mutation: Orange allele forms! Dominant to all other genotypes! A new pathway to produce ATP! Mate Gen 1, then 20% randomly become ORANGE! Generation 1 Orange Beads Yellow Beads Red Beads Blue Beads Green Beads Total # of individuals 8 8 8 8 32 1 After Mechanism 1 After Mating 1 After Mortality 2 After Mating 2 After Mortality 3 After Mating 3 After Mortality kmz Metro HS Honors Biology Unit: Evolution Mechanism: Sexual Selection: Red phenotypes sought ought by mating females! If their 1st or 2nd random mate is not red, then they try one more time to have a red partner! Generation 1 Yellow Beads Red Beads Blue Beads Green Beads Total # of individuals 8 8 8 8 32 1 After Mechanism 1 After Mating 1 After Mortality 2 After Mating 2 After Mortality 3 After Mating 3 After Mortality kmz Metro HS