Download Genetics Test Review Key (Hogg)

NAME: _____________________________
DATE: _______________________
Genetics Test Review
Test Date: _______________________
1. What is asexual reproduction?
The reproductive process that involves one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent.
2. Give an example of an organism that reproduces asexually.
Bacteria, certain types of worms, certain types of plants.
3. What is sexual reproduction?
The reproductive process that involves two parents whose genetic material is combined to produce a
new organism, which differs from both parents.
4. Give an example of an organism that reproduces sexually.
Humans, animals, plants.
5. What is a gene?
A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait.
6. Where are genes located?
On the chromosomes in the nucleus of cells.
7. What is an inherited trait?
A characteristics that is passed from parent to offspring.
8. Give 3 examples of inherited traits.
Hair color, eye color, skin color.
9. Why don’t you look exactly like your mother or exactly like your father?
The traits that you have (including how you look) are determined by genetic material from both your
mother and your father.
10. Do you have control over what inherited traits you get from your mother and father? Explain your
answer.
No control because 23 chromosomes come from your mother and 23 chromosomes come from your
father. It’s a combination of this genetic material that determines what you inherit.
11. What is a dominant trait? Only one parent passes the trait (easier to show the trait).
12. What is a recessive trait? Both parents pass the trait (harder to show the trait).
13. What does homozygous mean?
The same combination of pure dominant or pure recessive alleles. (two upper case letters or two lower
case letters)
14. What does heterozygous mean?
A hybrid; Different combination of alleles resulting in the dominant trait showing. (one upper case and
one lower case letter)
15. What is the difference between phenotype and genotype?
Phenotype –
16. What is a Punnett Square?
17. Complete the following Punnett Square.
S = straight hair
s = curly hair
S
s
S
s
18. Both parents display ______________ hair, but they are carrying the recessive trait for
straight or curly
______________ hair.
straight or curly
19. What percent of the offspring have straight hair?
20. What percent of the offspring have curly hair?
21. What does homozygous dominant mean using the above Punnett Square?
22. What does heterozygous dominant mean using the above Punnett Square?
23. How is the trait for albinism (all white features) still a possibility? Why is it that this trait can still be
passed to offspring?
24. What is selective breeding?
25. Give 3 examples of selective breeding.
26. What is the purpose of selective breeding? Why not just let nature take its course?
27. What is natural selection?
28. Give 3 examples of natural selection. (example: rabbits with no fur die off while rabbits with fur
survive.)
29. What does “Survival of the Fittest” mean?
30. Define external stimuli.
31. Define response.
32. Give 3 examples of external stimuli and 3 responses to those external stimuli.
33. Define internal stimuli.
34. Give 3 examples of internal stimuli and 3 responses to those internal stimuli.