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“Their Hour of Peril” GH2/Napp Do Now: After Italy attacked Ethiopia, Haile Selassie, emperor of Ethiopia, asked the League of Nations for help in stopping the invasion. He asked for military sanctions but the League of Nations’ response was ineffective. Haile Selassie used these words to the League of Nations: “God and history will remember your judgment. . . . It is us today. It will be you tomorrow.” According to Haile Selassie, who should stop the aggressors? ________________________________________________________________________ What will happen if the aggressors are not stopped? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Notes: I. The Road to War A. Hitler’s Aggression 1. Invaded the Rhineland a) Demilitarized zone between France and Germany-rich in resources 2. Annexed Austria 3. Wanted Sudetenland (German-speaking part of Czechoslovakia) a) Munich Conference in 1938 1. Chamberlain and Daladier gave in a. Appeasement-giving in to avoid war b. But then Hitler broke promises and invaded Poland, start of World War II in Europe 4. Hitler also signed Nonagression Pact with Soviets to avoid fighting war on two fronts II. Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor A. Anger over U.S. ban on exports B. Japan needed natural resources C. Planned invasion of Southeast Asia III. Soviets and War A. Hitler broke pact B. Invaded Soviet Union IV. War Fought in Atlantic and Pacific A. Italians killed Mussolini B. Hitler committed suicide C. Atomic bombs end war in Japan D. Rebuilding Europe and Japan Questions: 1- List three examples of Hitler’s military aggression: 2- How did British and French leaders respond to Hitler’s aggression? 3- Define appeasement. 4- Why were the decisions made at the Munich Conference an example of appeasement? 5- Did the policy of appeasement work with Hitler? Prove your answer. 6- What is a nonaggression pact? 7- Why did Hitler sign a nonaggression pact with Stalin? 8- Did the nonaggression pact last? Prove your answer. 9- How did Japan become involved in World War II? 10- How did World War II end? 11- What lessons can be learned from studying World War II? The leaders in this 1936 cartoon are depicted as “spineless” because they (1) Signed the Treaty of Versailles (2) Wanted to avoid global conflict at any cost (3) Depended on economic measures to stop aggression (4) Recognized the communist government in the Soviet Union This World War II cartoon is showing the relationship between climate and the (1) Inability of Nazi forces to defeat the Soviet Union (2) Success of Allied troops after D-day (3) Efforts by Allied troops to control Berlin (4) Casualties suffered by the Soviet Union 1. The Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931 and Hitler’s rebuilding of the German military in 1935 demonstrate the (1) success of defensive alliances (2) fear of communist expansion (3) support for the Treaty of Versailles (4) failure of the League of Nations 5. Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Communist Russia were similar in that each (1) protected individual rights (2) elected their leaders through popular vote (3) supported market-based economies (4) established totalitarian governments 2. During World War II, which event occurred last? (1) German invasion of Poland (2) Russian defense of Stalingrad (3) United States bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki (4) Japanese invasion of Manchuria 6. Between the late 1800s and the end of World War II, Japan implemented a policy of imperialism mainly because Japan (1) admired the economic power of China (2) lacked coal, iron, and other important resources (3) wanted to unify the governments of East Asia (4) feared the expansion of Nazi Germany in the Pacific 3. During World War II, the Allied invasion of France on D-Day (June 6, 1944) was significant because it (1) demonstrated the power of the atomic bomb (2) resulted in a successful German revolt against Hitler and the Nazi Party (3) led to the immediate surrender of German and Italian forces (4) forced Germans to fight a two-front war 4. One reason that Britain and France agreed to appease Hitler at the Munich Conference was to (1) prevent the start of another world war (2) stop the Nazis from invading the Soviet Union (3) obey an order from the League of Nations (4) obtain advanced German military weapons in exchange 7. “It took the Big Four just five hours and twenty-five minutes here in Munich today to dispel the clouds of war and come to an agreement over the partition of Czechoslovakia. There is to be no European war, after all. There is to be peace, and the price of that peace is, roughly, the ceding by Czechoslovakia of the Sudeten territory to Herr Hitler’s Germany. The German Führer gets what he wanted, only he has to wait a little longer for it. Not much longer though — only ten days. . . .” Source: William Shirer, recording of CBS radio report from Prague, September 29, 1938 The policy that France, Britain, and Italy chose to follow at this meeting is known as (1) appeasement (3) liberation (2) self-determination (4) pacification