Download Big Idea 5: Evolution

BIG IDEA 5: EVOLUTION (CHAPTERS 14 & 15)
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FOREVER UNDERSTANDING:
- Organisms —both existing and extinct— may have significant differences, but they also have many similarities.
- A result of this idea is that present-day species have descended from earlier, clearly different species.
- Because some characteristics of earlier organisms are retained, how similar or different organisms are can be used as evidence to make inferences
regarding their descent from a common ancestor.
- Research in this area is done at both the molecular level and at the physical trait level.
Topic 1: Evidence of Common Ancestry and Differences
5.1.1
Essential Knowledge: Organisms resemble their ancestors because genetic information (DNA) is transferred from ancestor to offspring in reproduction.
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Learning Objective
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(capture your understanding)
(4-1)
Explain how similarities and
differences among organism’s DNA,
anatomy, and development (as
embryos) support the idea of descent
with modification.
Explain the 5 mechanisms of evolution
5.1.2
Essential Knowledge: The existence of different life forms in different time periods led to the idea that newer life forms descended from older life forms.
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Learning Objective
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(capture your understanding)
(4-1)
Construct a representation that reflects
the appropriate time scale of Earth’s
history and includes the variation of
organisms over time.
*Includes major evolutionary
developments (earth formed, first
organism, oxygen in the atmosphere,
the first land plants, appearance of
vertebrates, first mammals, first
human).
Biology Big Idea 5: Evolution
C. Burton Revised 6/7/14
Adapted from C. Gay (SSHS), ONW Biology Objectives, and College Board Standards for College Success
1
5.1.3
Essential Knowledge: The similarities and differences in DNA sequences, amino acid sequences, anatomical evidence, and fossil evidence provide
information about how organisms are related to each other evolutionarily.
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Learning Objective
Ref.
(capture your understanding)
(4-1)
Construct a simple model (ex–
phylogenetic tree), based on
anatomical evidence (physical
traits) and molecular (ex– DNA
and/or amino acid) evidence.
Biology Big Idea 5: Evolution
C. Burton Revised 6/7/14
Adapted from C. Gay (SSHS), ONW Biology Objectives, and College Board Standards for College Success
2
Topic 2: Natural Selection
5.2.1
Essential Knowledge: Natural selection leads to a diversity of organisms that are anatomically, behaviorally, and functionally well-suited to survive and
reproduce in a specific environment.
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Learning Objective
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(capture your understanding)
(4-1)
Provide examples, using research,
of organisms that are well adapted
to their specific environment AND
explain why they may not do well
in a different environment.
5.2.2
Essential Knowledge: Over time, the survival and reproduction of organisms within a population that have an favorable heritable trait lead to an increase
in the number of individuals in future generations that have the trait and a decrease in the number of individuals that do NOT have the favorable trait.
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Learning Objective
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(capture your understanding)
(4-1)
Run a simulation that represents
natural selection in terms of how
changes in environmental
conditions can result in selective
pressure on a population of
organisms. Gather and record data
from the simulation on the number
of organisms of a population under
different environmental conditions.
*Complete multiple trials
Biology Big Idea 5: Evolution
C. Burton Revised 6/7/14
Adapted from C. Gay (SSHS), ONW Biology Objectives, and College Board Standards for College Success
3
5.2.3
Essential Knowledge: Changes in the abiotic environment (ex- climate) have contributed to the decline of some species and the rise of other species.
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Learning Objective
Ref.
(capture your understanding)
(4-1)
Predict and justify what might
happen after many generations if a
population becomes geographically
isolated from another population of
the same species, AND if the two
groups experience different biotic
and/or environmental conditions.
Biology Big Idea 5: Evolution
C. Burton Revised 6/7/14
Adapted from C. Gay (SSHS), ONW Biology Objectives, and College Board Standards for College Success
4
Topic 3: Genetic Variation within Populations
5.3.1
Essential Knowledge: Natural selection can occur only if there is (1) variation in the DNA between organisms of the same species in a population and
(2) variation in a specific trait (ex- different fur color). Genetic variation within a population affects whether a population will survive and produce offspring.
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Learning Objective
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(capture your understanding)
(4-1)
Compare the effects of a significant
environmental change on a
population with high genetic
diversity and the effects of such a
change on a population with low
genetic diversity. Explain how
genetic variation among organisms
within the species affected the
survival of the species.
5.3.2
Essential Knowledge: Sexual reproduction allows both the (1) passing on of traits (phenotype) in a population and (2) provides a source of genetic
variation among the individuals of a population.
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Learning Objective
Ref.
(capture your understanding)
(4-1)
Compare and contrast the
advantages and disadvantages and
of sexual and asexual reproduction
AND explain in what scenarios one
is better than the other.
Biology Big Idea 5: Evolution
C. Burton Revised 6/7/14
Adapted from C. Gay (SSHS), ONW Biology Objectives, and College Board Standards for College Success
5