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Name: ______________________________ Date: _____ U.S. History Chapter 3 Study Guide on “The American Revolution,” pp. 78-101. Section 1: “The Revolution Begins,” pp. 78-82. 1. Identify the following key terms and people: a. First Continental Congress: _________________________________________________________________________ b. Declaration of Rights: _____________________________________________________________________________ c. Minutemen: _____________________________________________________________________________________ d. Redcoats: _______________________________________________________________________________________ e. Second Continental Congress: _______________________________________________________________________ f. Continental Army: ________________________________________________________________________________ g. George Washington: _______________________________________________________________________________ h. Battle of Bunker Hill: ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. Why did the First Continental Congress send the Declaration of Rights to the king? _____________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. How did Britain react to the Declaration of Rights? ______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Why did the First Continental Congress alert the colonial militias to prepare for war? ___________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Why did a British force march on Concord? ____________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Who warned the colonists of the British advance toward Concord? __________________________________________ 7. How did the colonists react to the British advance? ______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. What led to the fighting at Lexington and Concord, and how did it affect the colonies’ conflict with Great Britain? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. How did the minutemen respond to the battle at Lexington? _______________________________________________ 10. What is meant by the expression “shot heard ‘round the world?” ___________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 11. Which side won the fighting at Lexington and Concord, and why? _________________________________________ 12. What was the purpose of the Second Continental Congress? ______________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 13. Who was appointed leader of the Continental Army? ____________________________________________________ 14. Was it wise for the Second Continental Congress to have Washington prepare for war as it sought peace? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 15. How did geography influence the early battles around Boston? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 16. How did the Continental Army perform in the early battles of the war? Explain your answer. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 17. Create a chart of the actions and results of the First and Second Continental Congresses. Actions Taken Results First Continental Congress Second Continental Congress ON GEORGE WASHINGTON (page 82) When did he live? ___________________________________________________________________________________ Where did he live? __________________________________________________________________________________ What did he do? ____________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ Why is he so important in American history? _____________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ How did Washington’s leadership in the Revolutionary War prepare him for his role as President? ___________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ Section 2: “Declaring Independence,” pp. 83-85. 1. Identify the following key terms and people: a. Common Sense: __________________________________________________________________________________ b. Thomas Paine: ___________________________________________________________________________________ c. Thomas Jefferson: ________________________________________________________________________________ d. Declaration of Independence: _______________________________________________________________________ e. Patriots: ________________________________________________________________________________________ f. Loyalists: _______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What arguments did Thomas Paine present in Common Sense? _____________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What was the significance of Common Sense? __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What two sides emerged in response to the Declaration of Independence? What did each side favor? _______________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. What arguments did the authors of the Declaration of Independence give for declaring the colonies free from British control? __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. What groups were unrepresented in the Declaration of Independence? _______________________________________ 7. How might some groups use the Declaration of Independence in the future to gain rights? ________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Declaration of Independence: A Primary Source Analysis, pp. 86-89. 1) Which truths in the 2nd paragraph are self-evident? _____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 2) Name the three unalienable rights: __________________________________________________________________ 3) From what source do governments derive their just powers? _____________________________________________ 4) What right do people have when their government becomes destructive? ___________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 5) In the series of paragraphs beginning, “He has refused his assent,” to whom does the word “he” refer to? _________ 6) Which phrase in the document expresses the colonists’ opposition to taxation without representation? ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 7) According to the Declaration, what powers does the U.S. have as “Free and Independent States?” _______________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 8) Why do you think the colonists were unhappy with the fact that their judges’ salaries were paid by the king? ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 9) The Declaration was divided into 4 parts. Write down the 1st phrase of each of those parts. ____________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 10) What reference do you see toward Native Americans? What attitude does this toward Native Americans express? ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 11) What evidence is there that the colonists had already unsuccessfully voiced concerns to the king? _______________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 12) What evidence in the Declaration is there of religious faith? How did it influence the ideals of the D. of I.? ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 13) Are the unalienable rights are upheld today? Provide examples. __________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ Section 3: “Patriots Gain New Hope,” pp. 90-97. 1. Identify the following key terms and people: a. Mercenaries: _____________________________________________________________________________________ b. Battle of Trenton: _________________________________________________________________________________ c. Battle of Saratoga: ________________________________________________________________________________ d. Marquis de Lafayette: ______________________________________________________________________________ e. Bernardo de Galvez: _______________________________________________________________________________ f. John Paul Jones: __________________________________________________________________________________ g. George Rogers Clark: ______________________________________________________________________________ h. Nathan Hale: _____________________________________________________________________________________ i. The American Crisis: ______________________________________________________________________________ j. George Cornwallis: _______________________________________________________________________________ 2. Who had the advantage at the start of the war – the British or Patriot forces? __________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. How did various groups of colonists contribute to the war effort? ___________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Why was it difficult to find and keep soldiers in the Continental Army? ______________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. What early defeats did the Patriots experience? __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Why were the Patriots defeated in New York? __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Who were the Hessians? ___________________________________________________________________________ 8. Explain General Washington’s strategy at the Battle of Trenton. ____________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. How did the Patriot’s actions at the Battle of Trenton differ from their actions at New York? _____________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. Why did more Americans join the Patriot efforts after the Battle of Trenton? _________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 11. What was the British strategy for cutting off England? ___________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 12. What essential element of this strategy proved to be a weakness? __________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 13. What role did chance play in the Patriot victory at Saratoga? ______________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 14. Why did the Marquis de Lafayette join the Continental Army? ____________________________________________ 15. Which nations joined the Patriot cause? ______________________________________________________________ 16. How did the Battle of Saratoga lead to French aid for the Patriots? _________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 17. What was Valley Forge? __________________________________________________________________________ 18. What challenges did the Continental Army face at Valley Forge? __________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 19. Why did soldiers remain at Valley Forge despite the harsh conditions? ______________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 20. How did the Patriots’ situation at Valley Forge that winter contrast with that of the British at Philadelphia? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 21. How did the size of the Continental Navy affect its strategy against the British navy? __________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 22. How did John Paul Jones and George Rogers Clark help the Patriots’ war effort? ______________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 23. Fill in the chart: How did different nations/foreign individuals contribute to the war effort? Nation/Individual Contribution 24. Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze, 1851 (page 93) a) What feelings did Leutze want to inspire with his painting? _______________________________________________ b) Why was the scene so popular? _____________________________________________________________________ c) The color scheme Leutze used in the painting was red, white, and blue. Why did he use this scheme? _____________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ d) When did Washington and his troops cross the Delaware? What was the event’s significance? ___________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 25. Fill in the table. Identify the problems first faced by the Patriots in the North, at sea, and out West. Then, identify Patriot successes in these areas. Region Patriot Problems Patriot Successes Section 4: “Independence!” pp. 98-101. 1. Identify the following key terms and people: a. Guerilla warfare: _________________________________________________________________________________ b. Francis Marion: __________________________________________________________________________________ c. Swamp Fox: _____________________________________________________________________________________ d. Comte de Rochambeau: ____________________________________________________________________________ e. Battle of Yorktown: _______________________________________________________________________________ f. Treaty of Paris of 1783: ____________________________________________________________________________ 2. List the events of the war in the South in chronological order. ______________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What problems did the Patriots experience in the war in the South? __________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What advantages did the southern Patriots have over the British in the South? _________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Why did the British decide to switch strategies and focus the war in the South? ________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. How did guerilla colonial fighters help the Continental Army? _____________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Describe the main British strategies in the South. ________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Why did the British army move to Yorktown, Virginia? ___________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. How did Washington and the Patriots defeat the British at Yorktown? _______________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. Why did the victory at Yorktown end the war? _________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 11. Could the Patriots have won the Revolutionary War without the help of the French? Why or why not? _____________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 12. Who helped to negotiate the peace treaty for the Patriots? ________________________________________________ 13. List the major events that led to the end of the Revolutionary War. 1.__________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ 2.__________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ 3. __________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ Treaty of Paris 1783 14. What were the terms of the treaty? The terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1783: 1. ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 2. ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 3. ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ BEFORE THE TEST: □ Complete the study guide □ Organize your binder: Notes Worksheets Handouts Homework assignments □ Staple everything together □ Put your name on the front page □ STUDY!